Sentences with phrase «memory cells form»

An international group of researchers led by Professor Christoph Hess from the Department of Biomedicine at the University of Basel and University Hospital Basel have now found a structure that accounts for the rapid immunologic memory of particular immune cells (CD8 + memory T cells): these important memory cells form multiple connections between mitochondria — the powerhouses of cells — and the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of protein production.

With every infection or vaccination, memory cells form that the body uses to remember the pathogen.

«But this is a promising first step in understanding the mechanisms by which memory cells form, which ultimately will play a role in improving vaccine efficacy.

Not exact matches

Neural stem cells with the ability to form new neurons in the brain are normally present in the hippocampus (the part of the brain connected to learning and memory) and in the subventricular zone of the brain.

Disruptions to the ability of developing brain cells to form branching connections with other cells, using a specific microRNA — miR - 9, was associated with an increase in the strength of fear - related memories in adulthood.

Although amyloid clogs the brain early on, memory loss tracks much better with a different protein, tau, which forms so - called «tangles» within nerve cells.

NEW ROLE A kind of brain cell called an astrocyte (shown) may help nerve cells in the hippocampus form traumatic memories, a study in rats suggests.

Study casts doubt on whether adult brain's memory - forming region makes new cells.

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Helper cells in the brain just got tagged with a new job — forming traumatic memories.

Scientists have long suspected that Alzheimer's patients lose their memories and their wits when amyloid beta proteins form needlelike aggregates that punch holes in brain cells and kill them.

It is not clear whether all of the T cell clones that respond to the initial infection have the potential to form memory T cells.

When T cells respond to a pathogen, they proliferate, and a fraction of their progeny goes on to form long - lived memory cells.

A protein that can switch shapes and accumulate inside brain cells helps fruit flies form and retrieve memories, a new study finds.

New research at Rice University suggests actin filaments that control the shape of neuron cells may also be the key to the molecular machinery that forms and stores long - term memories.

Thirty days later, however, when the protein had been cleared from their bodies, the animals» memory troubles were gone as well, and the number of newly formed brain cells was back to normal.

It could be, for example, that fluctuations in calcium levels in plant cells leave imprints of stress in a way that's similar to how long - term memories are formed in animals.

This latter finding is of particular interest, says Christian Doeller of Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands, and might support the idea that humans have a wider network of grid cells that we use to help form memories.

By repeating the experiment over and over, however, they are assembling a picture of what types of cells exist, how those cells function during tasks of place memory, and what kinds of connections they form with other cells.

Depending on the person, particular cells in the medial temporal lobe — an area critical to forming long - term memories — get fired up only by, for example, images of

Given that lot of those brain cells seemed to form down in the area of the hippocampus, which is involved with the memory and with learning, it was an easy jump to naturally assume that they must be involved with that in some way.

It quickly became apparent that most of the cells in the skin's outermost layer, the epithelium, don't stick around long enough to form such memories.

Strontium cobaltites are just one example of a class of materials known as transition metal oxides, which is considered promising for a variety of applications including electrodes in fuel cells, membranes that allow oxygen to pass through for gas separation, and electronic devices such as memristors — a form of nonvolatile, ultrafast, and energy - efficient memory device.

This distributed biological memory leverages the large number of cells in bacterial cultures and encodes information into their collective genomic DNA in the form of the fraction of cells that carry specific mutations.

Changes in DNA methylation in brain cells has been an extremely active research area since these epigenetic changes were shown to alter the expression of genes needed to form and maintain long - term memories.

The scientists believe that intercalated cells form «extinction memories,» which associate something previously feared (such as an air raid siren or a car backfiring) with a harmless outcome.

Building on their previous work that identified and activated memory cells, a group led by RIKEN Brain Science Institute and RIKEN - MIT Center Director Susumu Tonegawa has now shown that spines — small knobs on brain - cell dendrites through which synaptic connections are formed — are essential for memory retrieval in these AD mice.

Using a video game in which people navigate through a virtual town delivering objects to specific locations, a team of neuroscientists from the University of Pennsylvania and Freiburg University has discovered how brain cells that encode spatial information form «geotags» for specific memories and are activated immediately before those memories are recalled.

Buried deep underneath the folds of the cerebral cortex, neural stem cells in the hippocampus continue to generate new neurons, inciting a struggle between new and old as the new attempts to gain a foothold in memory - forming center of the brain.

Instead, he proposes that memories are stored in the specific pattern of connections formed between engram cell ensembles.

These CRISPR sequences act as a form of genomic memory that can be accessed to defend the cell when it is invaded by plasmids or phages that contain the recorded sequences.

«Since cholesterol is required by neurons to form synapses (connections) with other cells, this decrease in cholesterol could affect how nerves function for appetite regulation, behavior, memory and even pain and motor activity,» says Dr. Kahn, who is also Mary K. Iacocca Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School.

Professor Martin's research focuses on the cell biology of transcription - dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, particularly those underlying learning and memory.

When the researchers modeled the effects in mice, they found it strengthened the connections between neurons that make learning possible — what is known as synaptic plasticity — by increasing the action of a cell receptor critical to forming memories.

Cortical cells had formed memories of the foot shock almost right away, well ahead of the anticipated schedule.

The grid - cell model is striking not just for its elegance, but also because (as Edvard Moser notes) it forms a key link between perception and memory.

The CBM now forms the core of the new Kavli Institute at Trondheim, which was inaugurated in August 2007 and where research continues on grid cells, as well as areas such as understanding the role of the hippocampus in shaping memory.

Researchers have discovered a new form of synaptic plasticity, the changes to nerve cells in the brain that underlie learning and memory.

The big challenge previous allergy researchers faced was that immune cells, known as T - cells, tended to develop a form of «memory» so that once someone developed an immune response to an allergen, it would easily recur upon future contact.

The researchers studied the hippocampus, taking a closer look at the newly formed brain cells and the state of blood vessels in the region of the brain that plays an important role in emotions, spatial navigation, and memory.

The memory - boosting chemical was singled out from among 100,000 chemicals screened at the Small Molecule Discovery Center at UCSF for their potential to perturb a protective biochemical pathway within cells that is activated when cells are unable to keep up with the need to fold proteins into their working forms.

This is often enough to halt the infection but the second part of the immune response is adaptive immunity, when dendritic cells activate T lymphocytes and trigger a cascade of immune reactions, such as the formation of antibodies and killer cells that clear the infection from the body and form a memory of the invading pathogen.

In recent years the importance of a number of different memory B cell subsets that can be formed in response to vaccination or infection has started to become clear.

In a study published in the journal Neuron, researchers at the Gladstone Institutes reveal how tau disrupts the ability of brain cells to strengthen connections with other brain cells, preventing new memories from forming.

Electronic memory boosters stem from research on the brain's ability to change and adapt over time by generating new brain cells and forming new neural pathways.

One of Frankland's own studies in mice, for example, found that as new brain cells are formed in the hippocampus — a region of the brain associated with learning new things — those new connections overwrite old memories and make them harder to access.

The theory behind vaccination is based on these memory cells: injecting a controllable form of an infection to build a «memory» towards a future attack.

Since cod liver oil contains the most concentrated form of natural Vitamin A of any food as well as the special form of Vitamin A named 14 hydroxy retro - retinol, which turns on memory T - cells, this is what Dr. Megson decided to give her patients.

In a normal brain, vitamin B12 allows cells to form new connections, a process that allows memory formation.

Not only do they block fat cells from forming, but they've also been know to prevent cancer, diabetes, and memory loss due to old age.

Studies show that nitric oxide signaling and the blood flow increases it stimulates play a central role in nerve cell maintenance, growth and repair.,, Most pertinent to anyone looking to enhance their aptitude for learning, nitric oxide - induced blood flow also makes forming new memories physically possible as it plays a key role in what neurologists call long - term potentiation, a process required for assembling and reinforcing new synaptic connections throughout the entire cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus.