Given at least nine
meters (roughly 30 feet)
of water on the planet, photosynthetic microbes (including mats
of algae, cyanobacteria, and other photosynthetic bacteria) and plant - like protoctists (such as floating seaweed or
kelp forests attached to the seafloor) could be protected from «planet - scalding» ultraviolet flares produced by young red dwarf stars, according to Victoria Meadows
of Caltech, principal investigator at the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory.