Question # 2: If the planet is cooling, why would formerly frozen
methane hydrate deposits be thawing and releasing all over the globe?
On catastrophic methane degassing: Shakova and Semiletov have proposed a mechanism — the destabilisation of the permafrost cap overlying large
methane hydrate deposits that contain a high proportion of free gas.
The methane hydrate deposits in the Arctic Ocean may represent a somewhat greater hazard because the Arctic is warming so rapidly.
I don't know of other discussion in the literature looking specifically at changes in warm currents in relation to known
methane hydrate deposits.
Re # 194 — Is there any connection between the dead zones off the Oregon and Gulf coasts and the large
methane hydrate deposits off those same coasts?
They claim that salt allows
the methane hydrate deposits to be at the «triple point» of the system making the system much more temperature sensitive than low salt deposits.
A research team led by The University of Texas at Austin has been awarded approximately $ 58 million to analyze
methane hydrate deposits under the Gulf of Mexico.
I refer to the carbon held in undersea
methane hydrate deposits, the methane held in tundral permafrost, the organic carbon held in broad scale peat deposits, the organic carbon held in deep sea ooze deposits, the inorganic carbon held in outcropping karstic limestones, calcretes etc., etc..
Q: «Have any such remarkably shallow
methane hydrate deposits on the ESAS been directly observed / sampled...?»
The consortium will coordinate scientific input and develop plans for future marine hydrate expeditions to conduct research drilling, recovering samples of the formation, logging and analytical activities to assess the geologic occurrence, regional context, and characteristics of
methane hydrate deposits along the continental margins of the United States, likely focusing on the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic margin.
You left out the stark tragedies of ocean acidification and the very real possibility of a runaway methane release from warming permafrost and
methane hydrate deposits.
The time needed to destabilize large
methane hydrate deposits in deep sediments is likely millennia [215].
But include
methane hydrate deposits being able to be mined, then appears to more total energy in oceanic methane deposit: «Recent estimates constrained by direct sampling suggest the global inventory occupies between 1 × 10 ^ 15 and 3 × 10 ^ 15 m ³ (0.24 to 1.2 million cubic miles).
The US Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory has issued a solicitation (DE-FOA-0000891) for up to $ 20 million in funding for projects that focus on the following three technical topic areas: (1) characterization of
methane hydrate deposits; (2) response of methane hydrate reservoirs to induced environmental change; and... Read more →
In fact, only one source of carbon that is isotopically light and available in large enough quantities has been pinpointed so far, this is the reservoir of
methane hydrate deposits (Figure 2) buried on the continental shelves of the oceans (Figure 3).
Furthermore, the project will investigate potential future climate effects from destabilisation of
methane hydrate deposits in a warming climate, and will focus on scenarios in 2050 and 2100.
There also vast amounts of CO2 associated with ocean
methane hydrate deposits.
This in turn is contributing to releasing
methane hydrate deposits which threatens all life on Earth (search «geoengineering / methane release» on line).
SkS: In your JGR paper from 2010 you state that methane hydrate in Siberia can occur at depths as shallow as 20 m. Have any such remarkably shallow
methane hydrate deposits on the ESAS been directly observed / sampled and if so, how could methane hydrate have formed at such depths?
The time needed to destabilize large
methane hydrate deposits in deep sediments is likely millennia [215].
Furthermore, the project will investigate potential future climate effects from destabilisation of
methane hydrate deposits in a warming climate, and will focus on scenarios in 2050 and 2100.
Given the vastness of the world's marine
methane hydrate deposits — more than twice the carbon reserves of all other fossil fuels combined — it's not surprising that government agencies and the petroleum and natural gas industries have long been interested in harvesting this new energy supply.
And I assume from the article that if
the methane hydrate deposit is melting then the bottom water will have a high level of dissolved methane.
Not exact matches
Gas
hydrates, icelike
deposits of
methane locked away in permafrost and buried at the ocean bottom, may pose a threat to our climate (see Discover, March 2004).
Far more is locked away in frozen
deposits called
methane gas
hydrates.
One was
Hydrate Ridge, selected for its large
methane deposits and the unusual chemosynthetic organisms that thrive on top of them.
Under most frozen
hydrate deposits is a layer of free
methane gas occupying the pore spaces in the sediment.
Methane escapes from
hydrate deposits even when the pieces don't float to the surface intact.
In March, Japan became the first country to successfully extract
methane from frozen undersea
deposits called gas
hydrates.
This issue has quickly risen because Japan conducted its second production test of these
deposits, known as
methane hydrates, in May.
Winning such claims can open the door to oil, natural gas, mineral
deposits,
methane hydrates and even shellfish.
Worldwide, particularly in deeply buried permafrost and in high - latitude ocean sediments where pressures are high and temperatures are below freezing, icy
deposits called
hydrates hold immense amounts of
methane (SN: 6/25/05, p. 410).
Rich
deposits of
methane hydrate underlie much of the Arctic seafloor.
I have posted on RealClimate about 4 times in the past 5 years regarding the potential thaw of the methal
hydrate deposits at the bottom of the oceans.I stated in my posts on your website that I believe firmly that those
deposits are in quite a good bit of danger of melting from climate change feedback mechanisms.On Nov 8th, ScienceDaily posted a huge new study on the PETM boundary 55 million years ago, and some key data on how the
methane at that point may very well have melted and contributed to the massive climate shift.I am an amateur who reads in the new a lot about climate change.I'd now like to say «I told you so!!!»
That Shakhova 2010 paper opens with: «The sharp growth in
methane emission (50 Gt over 1 - 5 years) from destructed gas
hydrate deposits on the ESS should result in an increase in the global surface temperature by 3.3 C by the end of the current century instead of the expected 2C.»
It seems quite likely that continued global warming will increase the emissions of
methane from permafrost
deposits and marine
hydrates.
In Siberian permafrost, large
deposits of
methane gas are trapped in ice, forming what is called a gas
hydrate.
What is concerning is the possibility that rapid global warming could occur faster than many people believe is possible, if global warming due to atmospheric carbon dioxide causes the Earth's atmosphere to warm enough to release enormous
deposits of frozen
methane (CH4) that are stored in the permafrost above the Arctic Circle and in frozen methane ice, known as methane hydrate, underneath the floors of the oceans throughout the world (see: How Methane Gas Releases Due To Global Warming Could Cause Human Extin
methane (CH4) that are stored in the permafrost above the Arctic Circle and in frozen
methane ice, known as methane hydrate, underneath the floors of the oceans throughout the world (see: How Methane Gas Releases Due To Global Warming Could Cause Human Extin
methane ice, known as
methane hydrate, underneath the floors of the oceans throughout the world (see: How Methane Gas Releases Due To Global Warming Could Cause Human Extin
methane hydrate, underneath the floors of the oceans throughout the world (see: How
Methane Gas Releases Due To Global Warming Could Cause Human Extin
Methane Gas Releases Due To Global Warming Could Cause Human Extinction).
Another vast source of
methane is in icy
deposits known as
methane hydrates, often in sediments deep under the world's oceans.
The «
methane bomb» idea refers to deep water seafloor
hydrate deposits.
Methane is a greenhouse gas 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide, and it is thought that some gas
hydrate deposits could become unstable if disturbed.
So,
hydrates are highly concentrated
deposits of
methane compared to free gas reservoirs, at least for gas reservoirs located above a few km of burial.
These new projects, managed by the Energy Department's National Energy Technology Laboratory, will focus research on field programs for deepwater
hydrate characterization, the response of
methane hydrate systems to changing climates, and advances in the understanding of gas -
hydrate - bearing
deposits.
It would be quite a coincidence, Berndt said, to find
methane emissions in a place where the water is warming and where there are known
hydrate deposits — and to have those three things be completely unrelated.
However, the source of these
methane emissions remains a matter of dispute, as other scientists investigating the phenomenon point out that while large
deposits of
methane hydrates could be breaking up, the other possibility is a slow leak of
methane that has already gone on for hundreds of years.
[20] Other problems facing commercial exploitation are detection of viable reserves and development of the technology for extracting
methane gas from the
hydrate deposits.
Economic
deposits of
hydrate are termed Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) and are unique in that they store 164 m3 of methane, 0.8 m3 water in 1 m3 h
hydrate are termed Natural Gas
Hydrate (NGH) and are unique in that they store 164 m3 of methane, 0.8 m3 water in 1 m3 h
Hydrate (NGH) and are unique in that they store 164 m3 of
methane, 0.8 m3 water in 1 m3
hydratehydrate.
Also, most of the
methane is in the deep gas
deposits, not in the possible regional layer of shallow
methane hydrate possibly associated with the Yamal crater.
The 12/12/2005 RC article on
methane hydrate (I'm sorry but I don't know how to provide the url) refers to large
hydrate deposits along the Oregon and Gulf coasts.
RealClimate is wonderful, and an excellent source of reliable information.As I've said before,
methane is an extremely dangerous component to global warming.Comment # 20 is correct.There is a sharp melting point to frozen
methane.A huge increase in the release of
methane could happen within the next 50 years.At what point in the Earth's temperature rise and the rise of co2 would a huge
methane melt occur?No one has answered that definitive issue.If I ask you all at what point would huge amounts of extra
methane start melting, i.e at what temperature rise of the ocean near the Artic
methane ice
deposits would the
methane melt, or at what point in the rise of co2 concentrations in the atmosphere would the
methane melt, I believe that no one could currently tell me the actual answer as to where the sharp melting point exists.Of course, once that tipping point has been reached, and billions of tons of
methane outgass from what had been locked stores of
methane, locked away for an eternity, it is exactly the same as the burning of stored fossil fuels which have been stored for an eternity as well.And even though
methane does not have as long a life as co2, while it is around in the air it can cause other tipping points, i.e. permafrost melting, to arrive much sooner.I will reiterate what I've said before on this and other sites.
Methane is a hugely underreported, underestimated risk.How about RealClimate attempts to model exactly what would happen to other tipping points, such as the melting permafrost, if indeed a huge increase in the melting of the methal
hydrate ice WERE to occur within the next 50 years.My amateur guess is that the huge, albeit temporary, increase in
methane over even three or four decades might push other relevent tipping points to arrive much, much, sooner than they normally would, thereby vastly incresing negative feedback mechanisms.We KNOW that quick, huge, changes occured in the Earth's climate in the past.See other relevent posts in the past from Realclimate.Climate often does not change slowly, but undergoes huge, quick, changes periodically, due to negative feedbacks accumulating, and tipping the climate to a quick change.Why should the danger from huge potential
methane releases be vievwed with any less trepidation?