From the time the well is drilled,
methane is leaking into nearby rocks, and escaping to the surface; not all of it is captured at the well head.
Researchers at the University of Alaska Fairbanks International Arctic Research Center have found that Arctic
methane is leaking out from the ocean floor nearly twice as fast as was previously thought.
Peer - reviewed studies have raised concerns about how much
methane is leaking throughout the production and transmission of natural gas, casting doubt on whether it really is better for global warming than coal, which burns 50 percent more carbon than natural gas.
A dispute between two environmental scientists is creating a controversy over how much
methane is leaking from natural gas production and is contributing to global warming.
A new study suggests that more
methane is leaking than the U.S. government estimates — but natural gas remains less polluting than coal
«It's outrageous and it's astounding, how little we know [about leaks],» said Nathan Phillips, a Boston University researcher who is working to figure out how much
methane is leaking from cities.
Estimates vary widely on just how much
methane is leaked from the vast network of oil and gas wells, pipelines and processing plants, but the problem has cast doubt on how much better natural gas is than coal for the environment.
Not exact matches
That
's not to say that fracking shouldn't
be highly regulated and monitored for environmental concerns like water contamination and
methane leaking.
If the cement casing that surrounds a fracking well
is made incorrectly, natural gas can
leak along its sides or through cracks, releasing harmful gases like
methane to the environment.
Energy companies want to minimize
leaking methane because it
's the product they sell, said Kathleen Sgamma of the Western Energy Alliance, a trade group.
Capable of powering 15,000 homes, the system
was conceived as part of a backup against projected energy shortages following a huge
methane leak at a natural gas facility near Los Angeles.
The rule in question
is meant to reduce
leaking, venting and flaring of
methane from drilling activity on federal land.
Shale: Water First,
Leak Later: The Climate Benefits of Shale Gas Could
Leak and Wash Awaydiscusses how
methane leakage and water usage rates
are eroding the climate argument for shale gas.
The Trump administration will suspend a rule to limit
methane leaks from oil and gas operations on federal land, but its true aim may
be to kill the Obama - era requirement.
(Pipelines
leak methane at much higher rates than previously understood, and
methane is much more dangerous to the environment than carbon dioxide.)
«The possibility of
methane leaks from the proposed Constitution Pipeline would
be catastrophic to our air and our climate — and if this pipeline
were approved, eminent domain would
be used to seize land from farmers and homeowners.»
Leakiness («
leak rate»)
is defined as the amount of
methane a company emits per unit of oil and gas it produces at all the oil and gas fields it operates in the United States.
But the epa and Cornell researchers confirmed last year that
methane leaks from gas wells
are a major concern.
Studies have suggested that
leaks of
methane during production from oil and gas wells
are so high that the fuel may
be no better for the climate than coal.
Methane, the main component of natural gas,
is released from
leaking pipelines, coal mines, oil wells, cattle, rice paddies and landfills.
Of all the things to
be leaking methane on Staten Island in New York City — corroded gas pipes, sewers, the Fresh Kills dump — who would have suspected the mail truck?
Plus
methane leaking from the wells may, in some cases,
be enough to offset the environmental advantage that natural gas enjoys.
The study area
is a host to hundreds if not thousands of known
methane leaks.
Last spring, the EPA doubled its estimates of
methane gas
leaked from drilling equipment and said the amount of
methane pollution that billows from fracking operations
was 9,000 times higher than researchers had previously thought.
Even though the craters
were formed some 12,000 years ago,
methane is still
leaking profusely from the craters.
«We can't say if the micro-earthquakes or other micro seismic events
are causing the
methane leaks or if it
is the other way around.
As part of this work, Conley and colleagues analyzed
methane and ethane data from 13 research aircraft flights between 7 November 2015 and 13 February 2016 — two days after the
leak was finally plugged.
New research to re-examine distribution system
leak rates has
been funded by the Environmental Defense Fund as part of a larger project to quantify lost
methane from the natural gas system.
They forms at sites
were natural
methane gas
leaks into seawater.
Methane release rates from a single
leak were nearly double that of the entire rest of the Los Angeles region.
Logically, say Howarth and other researchers interested in how much
methane leaks to the atmosphere, a higher lost and unaccounted for percentage would mean more gas
is escaping the system and warming the planet.
The new study includes other strategies beyond current policies to help reach the 2025 goal: staunching
methane leaks (121 million tons), reducing the use of refrigeration chemicals that
are powerful greenhouse gases (67 million tons), and increasing efficiency standards for appliances and buildings (29 million tons each).
Methane, which can
leak from pipelines and valves,
is a powerful greenhouse gas, with up to 80 times the potential of carbon dioxide to trap the planet's heat.
David Flint
is right to worry that the risk of
methane from fracking
leaking into the atmosphere may
be underestimated...
Environmental controls designed to prevent
leaks of
methane from newly drilled natural gas wells
are effective, a study has found — but emissions from existing wells in production
are much higher than previously believed.
Conflicting numbers The study
was funded by a partnership of nine natural gas producers and the Environmental Defense Fund, a non-profit environmental group based in Washington DC, as part of a broad effort to trace
methane leaks all the way from the wellhead to the user.
«Because it
's a smaller molecule than
methane, for example, it has the potential to
leak easier and move faster through the rock,» Lord said.
Mapping
methane plumes on the streets of Boston and San Francisco paints a picture of «clean» streets with few natural gas
leaks, and more common «dirty» streets where
methane concentrations can
be more than 15 times global background levels.
Robert Harriss, a
methane researcher at the Environmental Defense Fund who did not participate in the study, said the disparity between top - down and bottom - up estimates often has to do with the way in which
methane leaks are measured and counted.
«Such information may not only
be relevant for atmospheric
methane budget studies but may also
be important for understanding the
leaking potential of petroleum systems, whether they
are commercial or not.»
To some degree, what we'd like to
be able to do
is to do this everywhere,» he added, noting that some of the world's
methane leaks are not obvious and need more attention.
The NOAA portion of the prize
is meant to spur the development of specific technologies that can help detect «sources of pollution, enable rapid response to
leaks and spills, identify hydrothermal vents and
methane seeps, as well as track marine life for scientific research and conservation efforts,» Richard Spinrad, chief scientist at NOAA, said in a statement.
EDF has
been active in trying to quantify the amount of
methane leaking from natural gas operations.
Methane leaks are a triple concern: they can cause explosions, accelerate global warming and waste money.
The study concluded that the Bakken
was leaking methane at a rate of 275,000 tons per year.
It
was evidence that the Bakken
was leaking raw natural gas, including huge amounts of
methane, which
is 86 times more potent as a global warmer than carbon dioxide during the first nine years of its life.
Researchers say the formations» different shapes
are likely the result of the various types and sizes of the
methane leaks.
The official estimate of U.S.
methane leaks is low, but the few big
leaks could
be effectively targeted
The results confirm that Aliso Canyon
is the largest
methane leak in U.S. history.
Many studies investigating
methane leaks have used different methods of measuring
methane emissions, but none have
been able to capture so well how
methane emissions fluctuate during the course of a year, he said.