Testing drugs for abuse liability and dependence potential:
methods used in animals and man.
Not exact matches
Founded
in 2017 and based
in Emeryville, California, Finless Foods is one of a number of startups
using so - called cellular agriculture to replace age - old
methods of food production: farming,
animal husbandry, and,
in this case, fishing.
Even
in the bible with talks of how the early church was to worship, it basically just says that whatever
method with which you feel comfortable worshiping,
use it to glorify the Lord (within reason, clearly
animal sacrifices, etc were no longer accepted practices).
The cramped and cruel
methods used in the modern food industry, for example, may cross the line of morally acceptable treatment of
animals....
Ultimately, whilst sustainable palm oil remains a niche it doesn't matter where the sustainable oil ends up — the point is that responsible
methods have been
used in the first place, without harming people,
animals or the environment.
Organic production is an overall system of farm management and food production that combines best environmental practices, a high level of biodiversity, the preservation of natural resources, the application of high
animal welfare standards and a production
method in line with the preference of certain consumers for products produced
using natural substances and processes.
Our Firm is located near the castle of Canossa,
in the hills of Pecorile and focuses its activities
in full respect of nature, following only the organic production method.Our cows are raised without GMO, chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides and without antibiotics.The production culture is all
used in breeding, infact, the
animals have access to pasture and are treated with homeopathic and herbal medicines.All working process of Parmigiano Reggiano, is followed by the master cheese maker,
using traditional
methods of processing.
«We chose to
use Axiom Foods» Oryzatein ® ingredient,» said CEO of Growing Naturals, David Janow, «because it is the only 90 % brown rice protein isolate that is made with a proprietary enzyme fractioning
method and was shown
in a clinical trial for the first time to equal
animal - based whey protein
in building and maintaining muscle.»
I greatly disliked the nutrient standard
method, formerly
used by my district, because it seemed to create an odd «nutritionism» approach — as when Houston kids were actually required to take a package of
animal crackers every morning at breakfast for the iron contained
in the fortified flour.
NYC's
Animal Care Center
uses inadequate
methods in compiling its daily «kill list,» giving condemned pets just 18 hours to get adopted before they are put down, advocates and experts charge.
Dr Loch says the study showed how
using techniques and
methods commonly employed
in dentistry can answer questions with broader implications
in the biology and evolution of
animal species.
«
Using a genetic
method, we inhibited MTF1
in the epileptic mice and as a result, the seizures
in the
animals were much rarer and weaker,» says lead author Dr. Karen M.J. van Loo who is conducting research
in the team working with Prof. Becker.
Back
in the early 1950s, when I was a graduate student at Harvard, the general assumption was that language, like all other human activities, is just a collection of learned behaviors developed through the same
methods used to train
animals — by reinforcement.
The cheese - making process is so easy,
in fact, that Evershed thinks the pottery makers, probably the first farmers
in Europe, likely discovered the
method accidentally by
using dried
animal stomachs to store their milk.
For all laboratory
animal experimentation described
in the manuscript, the Science Journals require that authors state
in the
Methods section their adherence to the NIH Guide for the Care and
Use of Laboratory
Animals, or the equivalent.
But to implement legislation to assess the toxicity of some chemicals requires thousands of fish and there are currently no reliable alternative
methods to assess their accumulation and toxic effects
in the gut without
using live
animals.
Although the discovery was made
in plants, Pruitt suspects that
animals, including humans, might also
use this
method to correct faulty genes.
The UCLA researchers plan to develop strategies to test the Duchenne - specific CRISPR / Cas9 platform to treat the disease
in animals as the next step toward perfecting a
method that can be
used in humans.
BPTES has been
used in animal models for a variety of cancers but has not substantially reduced tumor sizes, probably because the drug concentration
in tumor tissue is not high enough when
using conventional drug formulation
methods, say the scientists.
«The commission said it will seek to speed up the development and uptake of alternative
methods [to replace the
use of
animals in the lab], and to better monitor compliance with the directive
in member states,» Rabesandratana wrote.
In the case of CHD2, scientists collaborating with the EuroEPINOMICS RES consortium used antisense technology to rapidly generate zebrafish larvae with a partial loss of function of this gene, and were then able to detect epileptic seizures in these animals using electrographic analysis (this method is very similar to electroencephalography, or EEG, which is used to analyze seizures in humans
In the case of CHD2, scientists collaborating with the EuroEPINOMICS RES consortium
used antisense technology to rapidly generate zebrafish larvae with a partial loss of function of this gene, and were then able to detect epileptic seizures
in these animals using electrographic analysis (this method is very similar to electroencephalography, or EEG, which is used to analyze seizures in humans
in these
animals using electrographic analysis (this
method is very similar to electroencephalography, or EEG, which is
used to analyze seizures
in humans
in humans).
By applying the same phylogenetic
methods that biologists
use to trace descent
in plants and
animals it is possible to explore the «evolution» of stars
in the Galaxy.
The
use of cell surface markers to isolate specific cell populations is one common
method for separating cells; however, isolating live cells based on their RNA expression is a powerful new way enabling the study of small cell niches
in nongenetically modified
animal models and human tissue.
The researchers say the technology should be available soon to scientists who do research
in animals, although it will take many more years to develop the
method for
use in humans.
Together they have
used traditional
methods from climate research to study how
animals are affected by changes
in the climate.
For example, it could be
used to image neurons
in living mice by combining the Raman scattering technique with existing
methods in which tiny windows are implanted
in the brains and spinal cords of laboratory
animals.
On 3 March, a so - called European Citizens» Initiative (ECI) signed by 1.17 million signatories formally urged the commission to scrap a 2010 directive regulating the
use of
animals in scientific research and to propose new rules phasing out
animal research
in favor of «more accurate, reliable, human - relevant
methods.»
As this
method is efficacious
in biological materials for which genetic operation was difficult, it has been
used mainly for higher eukaryotes such as
animals and plants.
Neuroscientists have
used optogenetics
methods to control the firing of neurons
in animals, and others have also fused light - sensitive switches to enzymes, but this new approach goes beyond that to allow light to control a chosen gene, explains MIT neuroscientist Edward Boyden.
Instead of
using the traditional
method of introducing genetic mutations into mice to create «knockout» mice — or
animals with customized genes — they found they were able to find naturally occurring variants among
animals in the wild.
This
method uses light to precisely control the activity of specific neurons
in living, even moving,
animals in real time.
His recent published work describes the rescued visual function
in animals using retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells and a
method for deriving stem cells
using a single - cell approach that does not harm embryos.
For reminder, the Directive allows the
use of
animals in research where the potential medial, veterinary and scientific benefits are compelling and there is no other viable alternative
method.
The general approach is to develop new vector systems and delivery
methods, test them
in the appropriate
animal models, uncover the mechanisms involved
in vector transduction, and
use the most promising approaches
in clinical trials.
Where no alternative
method is recognised by the legislation of the Union, the numbers of
animals used may be reduced by resorting to other
methods and by implementing testing strategies, such as the
use of
in vitro and other
methods that would reduce and refine the
use of
animals.»
Tobias Bonhoeffer and colleagues
use two - photon microscopy, which allows imaging to a depth of approximately half a millimeter, as one
method of studying structural changes
in the brains of living
animals.
Studies which assess the toxicology of new drugs typically have some element of
animal testing, and a paper published
in the journal Nature Communications has described a
method using in vitro tests which are carried out without
animals.
Further discussions of REACH and alternative testing
methods will be addressed at the 7th World Congress on Alternatives &
Animal Use in the Life Sciences held
in Rome, Italy, August 30 to September 3.
In addition, the
use of viruses allows much better spatiotemporal control over labeling
methods as compared to transgenic
animals (17).
The ethics statement
in the
Methods section states, «The experiments were approved by the Institutional
Animal Care and
Use Committee of China Medical University.»
A radioactive isotope, carbon - 14, and part of the carbon molecule, found
in unfossilized human and
animal bone and charcoal, has been
used to date Neamderthal remains and it was this carbon - 14 dating
method that established the date for Neanderthal extinction - 28,000 years ago - as well as the dates assigned to the various Neanderthal sites found throughout Eurasia.
• Addressing the human - specific nature of antibodies is possible
using Organ - Chips that recreate the complexity of human biology, since novel antibody targets are not expressed
in animals and therefore require alternatives to current preclinical experimental
methods.
A Bull's - Eye dye laser (Fryer, Huntley, IL, USA) excited by a VSL - 337 nitrogen laser (Laser Science, Inc., Newton, MA, USA) was
used on a Nikon Microphot FXA microscope to ablate AVA cells
in L1
animals (for
method, see [45]-RRB-.
Those breakthroughs include the development of new screening
methods to search for effective drugs, new ways to treat hepatitis B
using different approaches to shut down the virus, a new blood biomarker that aids
in the early detection of liver cancer, and a promising drug that selectively kills liver cancer cells
in animal studies.
Salatin raises livestock
using holistic management
methods of
animal husbandry on his Polyface Farm
in Swoope, Virginia,
in the Shenandoah Valley.
re: ``... and / or those who
use sustainable farming
methods...» Since there is no way to farm
animals in a sustainable way for the current human population (watch the movie Cowspiracy to understand why), that idea goes out the window too.
Being turned into a four - legged
animal to change errant behavior is also the
method used in The Emperor's New Groove.
2 differentiated (by colour) lessons to support the teaching of chapter 8 of
Animal Farm for the new linear specification (9 - 1) Differentiation: purple = lower blue = middle yellow = higher Resources are planned around the new specification and provide opportunities to: - analyse writer's
methods - explore character presentations - write imaginatively
in role of a character on the farm - practice extract to whole - discuss interpretations -
Use the language paper mark scheme to structure an effective piece of writing - Write persuasively
using the 6 part structure
The best
method for cleaning ears, according to Brian A. Crook, DVM, president of Vital
Animal Health — the manufacturer of Vet Essentials and CalmCoat — is to «simply squirt the product
in your pet's ear, massage the base of the ear, and then
use a cotton ball to remove the excess cleanser and dirt.»
There are two kinds of therapy
animals here
in Singapore — the first are involved
in animal - assisted therapy (AAT), which is a
method administered by a health professional (like a counsellor or physiotherapist)
using the help of a trained therapy
animal.