Sentences with phrase «microbial gene»

He has helped generate and interpret mountains of data through microbial gene sequencing efforts, showing how microbes influence human well - being.

«This way we can link local environmental conditions to microbial gene - and transcript profiles and in the future quickly determine the environmental status of samples of unknown character».

«To move beyond cataloging microbes, we will need new tools to rapidly determine microbial gene function and monitor the chemicals microbes use to communicate and interact with their environment, and new ways to visualize and model those interactions,» said Eoin Brodie, a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Earth Sciences Division and an author of the proposal.

In a study to be presented on Feb. 5 at the Society for Maternal - Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting ™, in Atlanta, researchers will present findings from a study titled, Maternal Diet Alters the Breast Milk Microbiome and Microbial Gene Content.

When it comes time for microbial gene swapping, anything goes.

«I think it's important [for journals] to be discussing this, but I think it's unrealistic to think that journals can and should play the role of the sole enforcer,» says Claire Fraser, director of The Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland, which posts a range of microbial gene sequences online.

They identified microbial genes and their activity with help from DOE's Joint Genome Institute in Walnut Creek CA.

These drug - bug interactions could make microbial genes just as important as a person's genes for predicting how a drug will affect someone, says Matthew Redinbo of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Working out the functions of these microbial genes is a big challenge because many of the microbes that live within us are extremely reluctant to grow when cultured under laboratory conditions.

Collaborators at Human Longevity, Inc. sequenced the microbial genes extracted from each participant's stool sample and used that information to determine which species were living where, and the relative abundance of each.

Elucidating functions of commensal microbial genes in the mammalian gut is challenging because many commensals are recalcitrant to laboratory cultivation and genetic manipulation.

«The development of metagenomic sequencing of the total DNA in a microbial sample from the human body has allowed us to estimate the abundance of specific microbes and microbial genes.

For instance, the Human Microbiome Project (HMP)(Turnbaugh et al, 2007; Peterson et al, 2009; Huttenhower et al, 2012) and MetaHIT (Qin et al, 2010) have generated maps of bacterial species abundances throughout the human body, reference genomes, and catalogs of more than 100 million microbial genes assembled from shotgun sequencing of in vivo communities.

Most strikingly, the warmest soil sample in Jansson's study — the spongy bog soil — revealed an array of microbial genes and proteins involved in the production of methane, a greenhouse gas more than 20 times as potent as carbon dioxide.

Now in experiments in mice reported this week in Cell Metabolism, researchers at Joslin Diabetes Centers have highlighted the ways in which the host's genes interact with the microbial genes to create such conditions, says senior author C. Ronald Kahn, M.D., Chief Academic Officer at Joslin Diabetes Center and Mary K. Iacocca Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School.

Once this process is complete, project scientists have a good idea which microbial genes are contained in each sample and what biological jobs the microbes perform.

A number of studies have shown that random fluctuations in microbial genes trigger some microbes to hunker down into a dormant, drug - resistant state.

If so, we aim to pinpoint the microbial genes whose loss increases the risk of IBD and other autoimmune diseases.

«Even though a microbial genome is one - thousandth the size of the human genome, the total number of microbial genes in [the human] body is much greater than human genes because you have so many different species,» says Weinstock.

Not exact matches

Rather than rising anew in each species, the genes spread via the microbial equivalent of sexual promiscuity.

Using metabolic function analyses of identified genes, we compared our human genome with the average content of previously sequenced microbial genomes.

High in the Cederberg Mountains of South Africa grows a bristly shrub that embodies the tug - of - war taking place between industrialized and developing nations over the value of genetic resources — the genes found in plant, animal or microbial cells used for research as well as in commercial products, such as enhanced seeds and naturally derived cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Burt's notion was to domesticate a microbial family of selfish elements called homing endonuclease genes.

We examined 13,355 prokaryotic ribosomal RNA gene sequences from multiple colonic mucosal sites and feces of healthy subjects to improve our understanding of gut microbial diversity.

The researchers looked at thousands of microbial species and human genes.

Using antibiotics to tamper with this complicated and little - understood population could irrevocably alter the microbial ecology in an individual and accelerate the spread of drug - resistant genes to the public at large.

We analyzed 7.2 terabases of metagenomic data from 243 Tara Oceans samples from 68 locations in epipelagic and mesopelagic waters across the globe to generate an ocean microbial reference gene catalog with > 40 million nonredundant, mostly novel sequences from viruses, prokaryotes, and picoeukaryotes.

They found that microbial cells outnumber native human cells by 10 to one, and collectively have 8 million genes compared to just 22,000 in humans.

Depth horizons with functional genes indicative of methane - cycling and sulfate - reducing microorganisms are enriched in solid - phase sulfur and total organic carbon, host δ13C - and δ34S - isotopic values with a biological imprint, and show clear signs of microbial activity when incubated in the laboratory.

Mothers known as «non-secretors» have a non-functional fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) gene, which alters the composition of their breast milk sugars and changes how the microbial community, or microbiota, of their infants» guts develop.

Microbial DNA from colon specimens were isolated and analyzed by use of 454 pyrosequencing of 16S RNA genes.

After six to eight weeks, the microbial content of the mice's feces were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, which showed that approximately 20 kinds of oral bacteria were present in these mice.

These approaches — tracking microbial communities and gene activity — are «definitely complementary,» DeBruyn says.

Scientists already know that the possession of certain immune system genes makes people more likely to develop MS, and it could be that these genes make people prone to autoimmune reactions when faced with microbial molecular mimicry.

«Gut's microbial community shown to influence host gene expression.»

These genes are found in multiple alternative microbial species, which can substitute each other while performing the same functions.

Not only did the gene sequencing show several bacteria could break down aromatic hydrocarbons, it illuminated how various species worked together to maximize the genetic potential of the whole microbial community.

The microbial mass in and on a person may amount to just a few pounds, but in terms of genetic diversity these fellow travelers overwhelm their hosts, with 400 genes for every human one.

«Viruses impact important microbial processes in plankton — killing their cells, moving genes from one cell to another and reprogramming the cells to change their ecosystem output,» said Sullivan.

Under the tutelage of geneticist Frederick Ausubel, Ruvkun earned a Ph.D. in microbial genetics in 1982 by figuring out how to knock out nitrogen - fixation genes in Rhizobium meliloti, a bacterium that has a symbiotic relationship with alfalfa.

That's unusual; most microbial genomes consist of a single chromosome, sometimes with some extra genes carried on bits of extraneous DNA called plasmids.

The team's next goal was to transfer the genes for making gas vesicles from the water - dwelling bacteria into a different type of bacteria — Escherichia coli, which is commonly used in microbial therapeutics, such as probiotics.

They also looked at the total repertoire of genes in the sampled DNA to assess how well the microbial community was working.

This collection of marine microbial genomic, the first in the world on a global scale, will provide new clues about a reservoir of biodiversity yet to explore, considering that it could imply the discovery of tens of millions of new genes in the coming years.

But how those genes interact with the microbial community hasn't been clear.

«It offers a brand new approach to the control of gene expression in microbial cultivation,» Prof. Stephanopoulos said.

Their microbial exposures varied and gene expression patterns varied, but the parts of the genome that were open at each location in the gut remained consistent, Crawford said.

Consumers should also be warned, says the FAC, when plants or microbial food products contain copies of genes from animals.

Thanks to ever - evolving gene - sequencing technology, scientists can now use microbial RNA to identify organisms.

They sent soil samples for DNA testing, looking for matches with particular genes known to be found in microbes and fungi; they tried to stimulate microbial growth on a wide variety of substances and then count the cells produced; and they used highly sensitive radiorespiration activity assays, which involve feeding the soil microorganisms a food source which has been labelled with radioactive carbon, which can then be used to detect if the microorganisms are active.