The repository of available techniques includes
microinjection, particle bombardment («gene gun»
technology), laser irradiation, electroporation, sonoporation, and magnetofection (Table 1).
This
technology requires technical skills that are typically not offered by veterinary practices and includes aspiration of immature or mature eggs from mares using ultrasound - guided transvaginal aspiration (TVA) of follicles, in vitro culture of the eggs, micromanipulation and
microinjection of eggs with a single selected sperm, and embryo culture in the laboratory, with freezing, and transfer of embryos to synchronized recipient mares.