Sentences with phrase «microns below»

All that has happened there is that the region above the cooler 1 mm deep layer has been subdivided into the Knudson layer which heats up a lot and a few microns below it which heats up a little less.

The Knudsen layer and a few microns below it (generally down to the penetrative depth of infra red) can become warmer than the rest of the 1 mm deep layer of water below the Knudsen layer.

The technology the researchers used to tackle this problem consists of a wide - field microscope that emits blue light, which penetrates about 50 to 150 microns below the skin and is reflected back to a video camera.

Not exact matches

Working in tandem, light and oxygen control the solidification of the resin, creating commercially viable objects that can have feature sizes below 20 microns, or less than one - quarter of the width of a piece of paper.

In the device created by Changhuei Yang and his team at the California Institute of Technology, light shines on a liquid sample flowing through a narrow channel, below which are one - micron - wide apertures spaced 10 microns apart.

One was the brightest storm ever seen on Uranus at 2.2 microns, a wavelength that senses clouds just below the tropopause, where the pressure ranges from about 300 to 500 mbar, or half the pressure at Earth's surface.

The 1.6 micron light is emitted from deeper in the atmosphere, which means that this feature is below the uppermost cloud layer of methane - ice in Uranus's atmosphere.

Thus, a very thin layer near the top of the stratosphere will essentially only be heated (absent solar heating) by radiation from below at the peak of the CO2 band near 15 microns.

The atmosphere which should be warming has flatlined since the 1997 EN, while the oceans, incapable of recieving IR below a few microns have continued to warm (albeit unevenly) until recently (maybe?)

One can even see the comb effect where there are a number of absorbing lines close together (look below 8 microns) and the equivalent radiation temperature varies rapidly with wavelength between surface and tropopause temperature giving a very jagged plot until the lines get so close together that the interferometer can not resolve them and one gets a very noisy average.

Therefore that 1 square metre will be radiating from a bit below 10 microns (how much?)

They should instead measure the temperature of that 1 mm layer below the few microns at the top which do become warmer and then measure the point 5 cm down.

Since those 15 micron photons are impacting a surface that is already radiating away from the hugely more massive surface (speaking at molecular level) those photons will be absorbed and radiated out again because the heat store just below the molecular surface is at a higher energy potential.

Because you are taking issue with my model and explanation you appear to be saying that (for some reason) the increase in temperature of the top few microns due to a (hypothetical) increase in DLR will have zero affect on the convection from below.

Further, when mixing occurs, the first mixing will be between the micron layer and the mm layer — but we already know a) that in fact the mm layer is actually cooler than the water below it; and b) that the heat capacity of a layer measured in microns is three orders of magnitude less than that of one measured in millimeters.

You suggest I'm saying «you appear to be saying that (for some reason) the increase in temperature of the top few microns due to a (hypothetical) increase in DLR will have zero effect on the convection from below.»

The DLR only penetrates the first few microns so you won't expect to see any temperature gradient below those few microns.

From what I recall from shocktube studies, H2O has a slightly shorter lifetime but that was at wavelengths 14 micron and below.

shows that natural VOC induced aerosols above the boundary layer are mostly of natural origin (7:1), and comprise a 2:1 up to > 10:1 amount, compared to SOx (SO2 + sulfate) aerosols in the 0.5 - 10 km free troposphere, or 10 % of the total aerosol optical depth measured by satellites... Add to that the effect below the boundary layer and the effect of other natural aerosols (natural fires, sea salt, sand dust, DMS, NOx), good for some 38 % of the < 1 micron fraction of total aerosols (according to IPCC estimates)...

You and others take it as an article of faith that evaporation happening in the first few microns of ocean surface somehow retards heat loss from the bulk of the ocean below it.

The same is true for a range of wavelengths below 5 microns.

The proposed standard Solar spectral irradiance (w / m ^ 2 / micron) contains 8.725 % of the energy below 400 nm (UV) and 56.023 % below 800 nm (visible, so that means 47.3 % of the total solar spectrum is visible, and only 44 % is in the IR from 0.8 micron to infinity.