Sentences with phrase «microscopic structure»

By analyzing microscopic structures in a fossil, researchers can sometimes figure out which pigments they correspond to or which wavelengths of light they reflect.

The process is then followed by high temperature activation annealing (about 600 to 900 degrees Celsius) to form a honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms, a typical microscopic structure of graphene.

Scientists are learning to custom - design matter by assembling molecules into microscopic structures such as spheres, tubes, and lattices.

«Recipe book for colloids: Correlation between microscopic structures and macroscopic properties.»

But proteins are manufactured outside the cell nucleus, in microscopic structures called ribosomes.

The fossils are the earliest known examples of insects displaying structural color — that is, color produced by light bending around microscopic structures, rather than light being absorbed and reflected as with a pigment or a dye.

In findings published online in the Journal of Applied Physics, Charles Swanson and Igor Kaganovich report that applying microscopic structures that resemble feathers and whiskers to the surfaces inside these machines keeps them operating at peak performance.

The researchers said microscopic structures traditionally believed to be fossilized bacteria are in fact melanosomes — organelles within cells that contain melanin, the pigment that gives colors to hair, feathers, skin, and eyes.

A random microscopic structure is key to producing a white color, which results when all wavelengths of light scatter equally from a surface.

Richard Prum and colleagues deduced the dinosaur's feather colors by analyzing fossilized microscopic structures called melanosomes, which impart color.

Using the new methods of micromachining, which borrow technology for making computer chips to carve out and build up microscopic structures on silicon wafers, Peter Gammel and his colleagues at Bell Labs / Lucent Technologies reduced three of the critical devices of a cell phone to Lilliputian size that will allow all the components of a phone to be constructed on a single chip.

The team of researchers from Erlangen and Hamburg have now refined this method, using it to analyse microscopic structures.

For example, he is using data from AFLOWlib to study why some alloys can form metallic glass — a peculiar form of metal with a disordered microscopic structure that gives it special electric and magnetic properties.

They used metamaterials, which are able to manipulate light in the terahertz range due to their special microscopic structure.

«In order to understand how a system chooses its rearrangement scenario,» said Douglas Durian, professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Pennsylvania, «we must make connection with the underlying microscopic structure.

While some engineers are dragging solar energy into the big time, others are getting small: They have hit upon a novel phenomenon that creates an electric current in nanotubes, hollow microscopic structures made of carbon atoms.

Researchers have discovered microscopic structures in the feathers of Humboldt penguins that keep them from icing up — and that could lead to similarly ice - resistant materials.

The 2.52 billion - year - old sulfur - oxidizing bacteria are described by Czaja as exceptionally large, spherical - shaped, smooth - walled microscopic structures much larger than most modern bacteria, but similar to some modern single - celled organisms that live in deepwater sulfur - rich ocean settings today, where even now there are almost no traces of oxygen.

The energy of impacts that create such craters can be high enough to melt rock; these melts cool rapidly, forming impact glass — a smooth, dark rock, similar to its volcanic cousin, obsidian — which contains various microscopic structures and crystals.

Microscopic structures experience friction because of the minute attractive forces that exist between molecules.

In the early 1990s they thought their hopes had been answered when paleobiologist William Schopf of the University of California at Los Angeles described microscopic structures embedded in a Western Australia formation almost 3.5 billion years old.

At the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), research performed with collaborators from Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Computational Science at the State University of New York at Stony Brook has shown how plasma causes exceptionally strong, microscopic structures known as carbon nanotubes to grow.

He added, «One of the tricky parts is understanding how meteorites fracture at the microscopic level, and how the material will eventually burst in the atmosphere,» as meteorites have a complex microscopic structure compared to ordinary rocks and behave in different ways under stress.

Urine casts are cylindrical microscopic structures composed of cellular debris and protein that originated from the cells that line the lower portions of the tiny tubes (tubules) that compose much of your dog or cat's kidneys.

Microscopic structure of mouse testicle tissue.

As we cook these foods at high heat and in the absence of water, the sugars and proteins naturally contained in them react together and form a mixture of molecules, which arrange themselves into microscopic structures that give food a brown hue when light bounces off them.

Francesco Panerai of Analytical Mechanical Associates Inc., a materials scientist leading a series of X-ray experiments at Berkeley Lab for NASA Ames Research Center, discusses a 3 - D visualization (shown on screens) of a heat shield material's microscopic structure in simulated spacecraft atmospheric entry conditions.

On the dramatic occasion on which Sherlock Holmes allowed himself the expression «the Napoleon of crime», he was not, indeed, referring to anyone named Napoleon, but he was referring to a person of whom the eminent detective would have been prepared to give an uncannily particular and literal description, down to the microscopic structure of his hair and the size of his boots.

We research how the microscopic structure of food and how food is processed affect the quality of everyday food products.

The author also delineates some of the unresolved puzzles concerning the connection between microscopic structure and the values of quantities that are observable experimentally — particularly the interplay between energies, widths or strengths and microscopic structure.

In the 1800s biologists found they could see the microscopic structure of the body more clearly if they injected tissues with special dyes.

A complex series of cooling, reheating, and rolling steps gives the material a microscopic structure with tightly packed alloy grains and thin boundaries between the grains that create a cell - like structure.

On the scale of microscopic structures, we are virtually blind.

But he had suspected that mushroom mycelium could function as a natural filter the first time he saw its microscopic structure.

The Osaka team previously combined two different types of transition - metal disilicides to form a microscopic structure with alternating layers of different alloy crystal.

The best idea so far has been carbon nanotubes — microscopic structures that can pack away large quantities of hydrogen at normal pressure within a relatively small space.

So scientists decided to look at the microscopic structure of hair.

An original master gecko adhesive mold with millions of microscopic structures is made in a clean room using a photolithography process.

Other potential applications for sasers include detecting defects in microscopic structures and improving signal processing in semiconductor chips, the scientists say.

«Linking observable properties, such as viscosity to microscopic structures, is what physical chemistry is all about,» co-lead author Hajime Tanaka says.

NANO builders rejoice: for the first time scientists have watched crystals grow atom by atom, offering incredible control over their microscopic structure.

«We have made, by far, the most precise extraction to date of a key property of the quark - gluon plasma, which reveals the microscopic structure of this almost perfect liquid,» says Xin - Nian Wang, physicist in the Nuclear Science Division at Berkeley Lab and managing principal investigator of the JET Collaboration.

The team of anthropologists has determined that looking into the microscopic structure of teeth opens a window into the lives and challenges of people who lived hundreds of years ago, and whose only record is their skeletal remains.

Scientists at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and NASA are using X-rays to explore, via 3 - D visualizations, how the microscopic structures of spacecraft heat shield and parachute materials survive extreme temperatures and pressures, including simulated atmospheric entry conditions on Mars.

Specifically, in this work he has applied geometric structures similar to those of a crystal or graphene layer, not typically used to describe black holes, since these geometries better match what happens inside a black hole: «Just as crystals have imperfections in their microscopic structure, the central region of a black hole can be interpreted as an anomaly in space - time, which requires new geometric elements in order to be able to describe them more precisely.

One member of Edwards's team, Jeff Duckett of Queen Mary and Westfield College in London, has confirmed this link by examining the microscopic structure of the fossil's internal tissues using a scanning electron microscope (Nature, vol 374, p 635).