Sentences with phrase «microtubules by»

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In the journal Physics of Life Reviews, Stuart Hameroff and Sir Roger Penrose suggest that quantum vibrational computations in microtubules (components of a cell's structure) are «orchestrated» by synaptic inputs and memory, and terminated by «objective reduction».

After entering axons through activated TRPV4 channels, calcium ions appear to disrupt the microtubule cytoskeleton by inhibiting a microtubule - stabilizing protein called STOP.

Microtubules in fission yeast are oriented properly in the cell by a molecular motor, allowing the yeast cell to elongate.

«Not only is our physics - based simulation and animation system as good as other data - based modeling systems, it led to the new scientific insight that the limited motion of the dynein hinge focuses the energy released by ATP hydrolysis, which causes dynein's shape change and drives microtubule sliding and axoneme motion,» says Ingber.

A group of LMU physicists led by Professor Erwin Frey, in collaboration with Professor Stefan Diez (Technical University of Dresden and Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden), has now developed a model in which the motor proteins that are responsible for the transport of cargo along protofilaments also serve to regulate microtubule lengths.

«Our study shows how EB proteins can either facilitate microtubule assembly by binding to sub-units of the microtubule, essentially holding them together, or else cause a microtubule to disassemble by promoting GTP hydrolysis that destabilizes the microtubule lattice,» says Eva Nogales, a biophysicist with Berkeley Lab's Life Sciences Division who led this research.

During mitosis, microtubules disassemble and reform into spindles that are used by the dividing cell to move chromosomes.

Through a combination of high - resolution cryo - electron microscopy (cryo - EM) and a unique methodology for image analysis, a team of researchers with Berkeley Lab and the University of California (UC) Berkeley has produced an atomic view of microtubules that enabled them to identify the crucial role played by a family of end - binding (EB) proteins in regulating microtubule dynamic instability.

When the researchers administered drugs to inhibit the movement of certain «motor» proteins that transport mitochondria and other cargo within the cell by traveling along microtubules, the mitochondria accumulated in the axon of the neuron and never made it to the synaptic terminal.

The dynamic instability that makes it possible for microtubules to transition from a rigid polymerized or «assembled» nucleotide state to a flexible depolymerized or «disassembled» nucleotide state is driven by guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis in the microtubule lattice.

In a brain ravaged by Alzheimer's, microtubules, which are crucial to cell communication, disintegrate as tau proteins (blue) form tangles and amyloid proteins (green) form plaques.

«Sensitive teeth are caused by the movement of fluid in tiny holes in dentine called microtubules, which puts pressure on the nerve below,» says Nigel Hughes, one of the researchers at Unilever.

Microtubules were discovered by accident in the 1960s.

Bandyopadhyay's 2013 work on the microtubule required refitting a special microscope and contracting with an outside firm to create a needle with a 1 - by -1-nanometer point — the smallest ever constructed, Bandyopadhyay says.

Like the family of taxanes (of which paclitaxel is a member), epothilones prevent cancer cells from dividing by interfering with tubulin proteins that form the cells» skeletal microtubules.

The worm - like structures are microtubules driven by kinesin motor proteins.

A compound, adociasulfate - 2, was isolated from a marine sponge, Haliclona (also known asAdocia) species, that inhibited kinesin activity by targeting its motor domain and mimicking the activity of the microtubule.

A team of researchers led by Alipasha Vaziri, an associate professor and head of the Rockefeller's Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, has found that a molecular motor, called Kinesin - 14, helps to guide the formation of a new microtubule along an existing one, and so directs the formation of bundles.

It has been found that the establishment and maintenance of polarity is governed by the interdependent relationship between the polarity marker protein on the plasma membrane (cell membrane), actin, the microtubule cytoskeleton, and membrane vesicle transport.

This is caused by microtubules, structures that normally corral chromosomes to opposite ends of a cell before it divides.

Sulforaphane seems to work by interrupting the tiny microtubules that normally pull pairs of chromosomes apart when cells divide.

By shining a laser light on a microscopic - sized plastic bead attached to a pair of microtubules linked by kinesin - 5 molecules, the team tracked their activity and discovered that this force is a function of the microtubule overlap — the longer the overlap, the greater the forcBy shining a laser light on a microscopic - sized plastic bead attached to a pair of microtubules linked by kinesin - 5 molecules, the team tracked their activity and discovered that this force is a function of the microtubule overlap — the longer the overlap, the greater the forcby kinesin - 5 molecules, the team tracked their activity and discovered that this force is a function of the microtubule overlap — the longer the overlap, the greater the force.

These stray chromosomes begin by attaching themselves to any microtubule from the network, which covers almost every nook and cranny, a bit like a network of secondary roads of the mitotic spindle.

Proteins travel from one end of a neuron to the other by moving along microtubules.

Motor proteins powered by adenosine triphosphate, which supplies chemical energy, «walk» along microtubules to deliver cargo throughout cells and discard trash.

According to the researcher, «we were able to prove, by way of both in vivo and in vitro experiments, that an integrated signal in the microtubules can show the right pathway to chromosomes during cell division.»

By revealing how microtubule growth is catalysed, the WMS team expect their work to throw new light on the workings of a number of human diseases (for example, bowel cancer) linked to abnormalities in TOG - TACC function.

Previous work by Kolomeisky and his students showed how microtubules are continually built, destroyed and rebuilt by cells that reuse the molecular building blocks like Legos.

The researchers found that the motor protein kinesin - 5 (green) helps prepare the spindle by organizing its filaments, or microtubules, (red) by pushing them or acting as a brake.

By contrast, other proteins involved in this process, known as motor proteins, consume chemical energy to move the microtubules around.

Originally identified as a protein essential for mitosis in fungi, kinesin - 5 was first purified about 20 years ago by Scholey's lab who found that it is unusual because it has motor units at both ends, allowing it to link two microtubules and walk them past each other.

Then the microtubules — aided by proteins and motor proteins — begin to shorten and move, pulling the chromosomes toward the centrosomes, until the two sets have been separated.

While previous research had shown that TTLL7 modifies microtubules (hollow tubes that transport cellular components and act as highways and scaffolding in the cell) by adding one or more molecules of the amino acid glutamate, exactly how has remained a mystery.

A deeper look into the mechanism by which alpha - synuclein inhibits endocytosis revealed toxic effects of the over-assembly of microtubules.

We know the initial target and the mechanism... [But] in order to step into [the treatment] stage, we should probably work a little bit more to know by what mechanism the microtubules interfere with endocytosis.»

A group of plant biologists at the Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM) of Nagoya University, the University of Tokyo, the Gregor Mendel Institute, and the University of Kentucky, has reported in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, on their discovery on how the plant's egg cells initially lose their skeletal pattern upon fertilization and are reorganized by two major cytoskeleton components in the cell, microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (F - actin).

A mechanism for reorientation of cortical microtubule arrays driven by microtubule severing.

Aurora A regulates the activity of HURP by controlling the accessibility of its microtubule - binding domain.

The kinesin - 8 Kip3 scales anaphase spindle length by suppression of midzone microtubule polymerization.

Adaptive braking by Ase1 prevents overlapping microtubules from sliding completely apart.

Loss of mitochondrial complex I activity potentiates dopamine neuron death induced by microtubule dysfunction in a Parkinson's disease model.

From S - phase onward, the two copies of each chromosome (referred to as sister chromatids) are connected by molecular rings and each copy attempts to establish attachments to spindle microtubules that emanate from two spindle poles.

It involves separating the duplicated chromosomes, through movements directed by microtubules.

Assembled microtubules can again be detyrosinated by a cytoskeleton associated carboxypeptidase.

Motor - independent targeting of CLASPs to kinetochores by CENP - E promotes microtubule turnover and poleward flux.

«The second step involving Akt activation by R - Ras stabilizes the microtubule cytoskeleton in endothelial cells, creating a steady architecture that promotes lumen formation.»

A protein called katanin drives this mechanism, which it achieves by redirecting microtubule growth in response to blue light.

Imaging data, combined with the results of genetic experiments, revealed a mechanism by which plants orient microtubule arrays.

It does so by severing the microtubules where they intersect with each other, creating new ends that can regrow and themselves be severed, resulting in a rapid amplification of new microtubules lying in another, more desired, direction.

p53 activation in response to microtubule disruption is mediated by integrin - Erk signaling.