Sentences with phrase «microwave data»
The phrase "microwave data" refers to information that is transmitted or received using microwave technology. It involves sending and receiving signals through the air using microwaves, which are a type of electromagnetic waves. Full definition
Several algorithms exist to calculate the sea ice concentration from passive microwave data.
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The passive microwave data show very little long - term trend.
Despite the limitations in passive microwave data, they still yield good large - scale estimates for the overall extent pattern and values of the ice.
Combined with satellite microwave data, the new real - time observations will improve forecasts of tropical cyclones.
Passive microwave data since 1973 have shown considerable interannual variability.
Indeed, section 4.4.2.1 of AR4 WGI says «The most composite record of sea ice extent is provided by passive microwave data from satellites that are available since the early 1970s.»
The NSIDC Sea Ice Index monthly ice extent, and the satellite passive microwave data sets upon which it is based, is one example.
A composite product based on active (ASCAT aboard the EUMETSAT METOP satellite) and passive (SSM / I) microwave data with advanced atmospheric correction of raw data (Figure 3) shows a range of sea ice types.
So, although NSIDC refers to additional satellite data in developing our analysis, we primarily rely on passive - microwave data for Arctic Sea Ice News & Analysis images and content, and for tracking long - term change.
Satellite passive microwave data since the 1970s indicate a 3 % decrease per decade in arctic sea ice extent.
The passive - microwave data used for the Sea Ice Index is especially helpful because the sensor can «see» through clouds and deliver data even during the six months of Arctic darkness and frequently cloudy conditions.
A research group led by Masumi Shimojo (Assistant Professor at NAOJ Chile Observatory), including members from Nagoya University, Kyoto University, and Ibaraki University, analyzed the more than 60 years of solar microwave data from these telescopes.
For 1 May 2010 the distribution of old ice (light blue) relative to first - year ice (dark blue) based on passive and active microwave data derived by EUMETSAT is shown.
Figure 7 shows an overlay of lightning and GPM microwave data as the storm's eye passed over Barbuda.
A final note, once melt begins, the passive microwave data underestimates the true ice area (which is one reason why NSIDC only reports the extent in the sea ice news and analysis site, as it's a more reliable metric).
While passive microwave data products may not show as much detail or be as accurate «on the ground» as other satellite data, they provide a consistent time series to track sea ice extent going back to 1979.
Meier, W., Fetterer, F., Knowles, K., Savoie, M. & Brodzik, M. J. Sea Ice Concentrations From Nimbus - 7 SMMR And DMSP SSM / I Passive Microwave Data (National Snow and Ice Data Center, 2006).
In the future, Stern said higher - resolution satellite microwave data might come in handy when studying the interactions of Arctic marine mammals with their icy habitat.
Christopher A. Shuman Research Scientist, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Specialties: Ice elevation changes and glacier mass losses using altimetry in combination with other remote sensing in the Antarctica Peninsula, the accuracy of early ICESat - 1 data, composite temperature records derived from AWS passive microwave data from SMMR and SSM / I and IR data from AVHRR
An artist's impression based on the microwave data reveals a striking feature: Some of the stripes are visible deep into the cloud layers.
This record began in late 1978, is uninterrupted, and relies on NASA - developed methods for processing the microwave data.
Its observations were wirelessly transmitted as a microwave data link down the mountains to a receiver that sent the signal into the autocorrelator, still in the little building along the GBI track.
(1) In addition to the data of the near - surface temperatures, which are composed of measurements from weather stations and sea surface temperatures, there is also the microwave data from satellites, which can be used to estimate air temperatures in the troposphere in a few kilometers altitude.
Microwave data are now available to meteorological centres where they are assimilated in NWP models and also used for nowcasting.
The MASIE product often catches ice that the microwave data alone miss, especially in summer, when melt ponds on the surface of the ice appear as ocean to the sensor.
Together, the lightning and microwave data can track a range of parameters, including intensity changes in tropical cyclones; past research has shown that intensity changes are related to the density of lightning strokes [e.g., Solorzano et al., 2008; DeMaria et al., 2012].
``... using passive microwave data it is very easy to tell the difference between ice and water as the dielectric constant differs quite a bit and this is reflected in large differences in the microwave emission.
NIC utilizes visible imagery, passive microwave data, and NIC weekly analysis products to create their data product.
Arctic sea ice concentration from operational ice charts and satellite passive microwave data.
The daily image is derived from remotely sensed passive microwave data, which can be collected even during cloudy or dark conditions.
Buehler S. A, M. Kuvatov, V. O. John, M. Milz, B. J. Soden, D. L. Jackson and J. Notholt (July 2008): An upper tropospheric humidity data set from operational satellite microwave data.
The Sea Ice Index relies on NASA - developed methods to estimate sea ice conditions using passive - microwave data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) the Special Sensor Microwave Imager / Sounder (SSMIS).
Passive microwave data may show ice where none actually exists due to signal variation between land and water along coastlines, or because of atmospheric interference from rain or high winds over the ice - free ocean.
The basis for the Sea Ice Index is the data set, «Near - Real - Time DMSP SSM / I Daily Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations,» and the NASA - produced «Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus - 7 SMMR and DMSP SSM / I Passive Microwave Data.»
Reasons that passive microwave data may not detect ice include the presence of thin, newly formed ice; the shift in albedo of actively melting ice; and atmospheric interference.
This means that the ice edge could be off by as much as 25 to 50 kilometers (16 to 31 miles) in passive - microwave data, compared to higher - resolution satellite systems.