This hindcast uses two time - varying inputs: 10 - meter wind vectors from the atmospheric model NAVGEM (Navy Global Environmental Model, Hogan et al. 2014) run at the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC), and analyses of ice concentrations (also produced at FNMOC) from passive
microwave radiometer data (SSM / I).
Not exact matches
RE: Just a little piecprsteve on the credibility of the authors of the study: Study co-author Dr. Roy Spencer, a principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and U.S. Science Team Leader for the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer flying on NASA's Aqua satellite, reports that real - world
data from NASA's Terra satellite contradict multiple assumptions fed into alarmist computer models.
In contrast, the Scripps team opted to directly correlate albedo measurements made by NASA's CERES instrument
data with observations of sea ice extent made by the Special Sensor
Microwave Imager (SSM / I)
radiometers aboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites.
The first such map was created in 1992, based on
data gathered by the Differential
Microwave Radiometer (DMR), an instrument on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite, which NASA launched in 1989.
Finnish Meteorological Institute has been doing estimates of two essential sea ice parameters — namely, sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT)-- for the Bohai Sea using a combination of a thermodynamic sea ice model and Earth observation (EO)
data from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and
microwave radiometer.
The satellite
data come from the European Remote Sensing satellite scatterometers (ERS - 1 and ERS - 2), NASA scatterometers (NSCAT and Seawinds onboard ADEOS - 1 and QuikScat respectively), and several defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)
radiometers (Special Sensor
Microwave / Imager [SSM / I] F10 - F15).
These were based on U.S. Navy, Canadian and Danish aerial reconnaissance
data and from retrievals from advanced very high resolution
radiometer (AVHRR), passive
microwave, and other satellite instruments
More generally, we are using multiple sensor & associated
data sets (low frequency
microwave radiometers, ocean color, sea surface temperature, wind, wave, altimeter products, model and in situ
data..)
The primary sources of the post-1972
data are the hemispheric fields of sea - ice concentration from (1) the U.S. National Ice Center (NIC), whose weekly grids (derived primarily from satellite
data) span the period 1972 - 1994, and (2) the satellite passive -
microwave grids from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and other
microwave grids from the Scanning Multichannel
Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and other
Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor
Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and other
Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and others, 1999).
NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen, using
data from the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer 2 AMSR - 2 sensor on the Global Change Observation Mission 1st - Water (GCOM - W1) satellite.
Note: The Sea Ice Index input
data comes from the passive
microwave instrument on the DMSP satellites, but IMS uses the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR - E) instrument on the Aqua satellite from 2002
microwave instrument on the DMSP satellites, but IMS uses the Advanced
Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR - E) instrument on the Aqua satellite from 2002
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR - E) instrument on the Aqua satellite from 2002 to 2011.
MacFarlane, S.F., K.F. Evans, and A.S. Ackerman, 2002: A Bayesian algorithm for the retrieval of liquid water cloud properties from
microwave radiometer and millimeter radar
data.
Useful satellite
data concerning sea ice began in late 1978 with the launch of NASA's Scanning Multichannel
Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) satellite.
In the original configuration of NPOESS, the ocean surface vector wind
data record established by QuikSCAT was to be replaced by passive
microwave measurements of wind speed and direction by the polarimetric CMIS
radiometer.
For example, the NASA Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer — Earth Observing System (AMSR - E) could fill in some missing
data because it has a smaller pole hole than other satellites.
With MIS delayed until NPOESS C2, there is a need to continue the long (28 - year) climate
data record of sea ice extent and concentration collected by passive
microwave radiometers; continued scatterometer and altimeter measurements are also required.