The laser pulses namely have to be amply strong and extremely short — on the order of femtoseconds in duration (
millionths of a billionth of a second).
The X-ray pulses produced by the LCLS last just 50
millionths of a billionth of a second (50 femtoseconds), allowing them to capture even the fastest movements.
The scientists let strong, approximately four - femtosecond - long laser pulses hit the group of atoms (a femtosecond is
a millionth of a billionth of a second).
Paul French, Roy Taylor and Robert Mellish of the Femtosecond Optics Group at Imperial College, London have built a low - cost semiconductor laser which generates pulses of light, each lasting 200
millionths of a billionth of a second (femtoseconds).
New movies of drug proteins or photosynthesis in action, shot in
millionths of a billionth of a second, show how the molecules work — or fail
Simultaneously, they irradiated the glass particles with an intense light field, which interacted with the electrons for a few femtoseconds (
millionths of a billionth of a second), causing them to oscillate.
«To go even faster, people have started to use femtosecond lasers, which can potentially record one unit every one
millionth of a billionth of a second.
Alongside him, a couple of off - the - shelf lasers spit out pulses of light just
millionths of a billionth of a second long.
The instrument emits pulses lasting 7.7 femtoseconds (10 - 15 sec,
a millionth of a billionth of a second), which corresponds to 2.2 wave periods.
Not exact matches
Physicists believe that by the time the universe was just 10 - 33
of a
second old (that's a
millionth of a
billionth of a
billionth of a
billionth of a
second), the temperature had dropped from unimaginably hot to a mere 18 million billion billion degrees.
To put it another way, it's one
millionth of one
billionth of a
second.
Although neon is a relatively simple atom with a total
of ten electrons, the experiment required both extremely careful timing, with a level
of accuracy within one
billionth of a
billionth of a
second (known as an attosecond), and extremely sensitive electron detection that could distinguish between electrons whose speed differed only by around one thousandth
of an attojoule (a
millionth of an electron's stationary energy).
Scientists from the Chair
of Laser Physics and the Chair
of Applied Physics at Friedrich - Alexander - Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU) have succeeded in switching on a current with a desired direction in graphene using a single laser pulse within a femtosecond — a femtosecond corresponds to the
millionth part
of a
billionth of a
second.
The team exposed their algal mutants to laser pulses lasting a mere 60
millionths or one
billionth of a
second.