Sentences with phrase «mine subsidence»

Beyond sea level rise, San Francisco is slowly sinking at a rate of up to 10 millimeters per year in a process called subsidence.

Virtually the same VT - uplift trend appears when using uplift uncorrected for secular subsidence (Fig. 5).

Background subsidence since 1950 has thus not had a significant effect on events differential stress accumulation in the shallow crust.

Rising sea - levels — particularly when combined with storm events — are just one of several factors that could endanger the integrity of the Delta's 1,100 miles of earthen levees, which protect the state's water supply and the region's agricultural, transportation, and energy systems from flooding and saltwater intrusion.35 Earthquakes, land subsidence, and floods present serious threats to the aging levees as well.

In fact, this nearly exact balancing between the supply of sediment and the amount of subsidence is probably a rare contingency»

But this same movement of subsidence will tend to submerge the area whence the sediment is derived, and thus diminish the supply, whilst the downward movement continues.

But we have seen that a thick formation, fossiliferous throughout its entire thickness, can acc.umulate only during a period of subsidence; and to keep the depth approximately the same, which is necessary that the same marine species may live on the same space, the supply of sediment must nearly counterbalance the amount of subsidence.

The best path» not the easiest, but the most idyllic» lies across a small waterfall created by a thick tangle of oak and Asian Tulip roots over a minor subsidence in the soil.

Along the way, however, the signs read: «Road Liable to Subsidence» and that gave me a sinking feeling.

For years, a combination of levees on the Mississippi, land subsidence, the extension of a vast network...

Furthermore, nearly 3 meters of vertical uplift occurred, contrary to observed terrestrial subsidence.

With further subsidence, the soils will ultimately be salinized by salt groundwater and valuable agricultural land will be lost.

This is just one of 12 giant eruptions reported from the area by the Leicester team, who show that intense hotspot magmatism caused major crustal subsidence, forming the 100 km - wide Snake River Basin.

Now, the Florida Geological Survey maintains the only database of sinkholes across the state — or what it calls «subsidence incidents,» as most have not been checked by a professional engineer.

Furthermore, the impact of this sea level rise will be more pronounced in locations, such as Jakarta, where there is subsidence of the land.

«The only way to explain the subsidence of the islands is to have a rupture... in the very deep part of the subduction zone, between 40 and 60 km (25 to 40 miles) depth,» Feuillet said.

This subsidence of the landscape had apparently happened very quickly.

J. Scott Padgett of the University of Rhode Island uses analysis of fossil foraminifera to estimate this subsidence at Arcata Bay, just north of Humboldt Bay.

These new ages provide tighter constraints on the timing of past earthquakes and subsidence at the southern end of the CSZ.

More recently, researchers started using an improved analysis on the microfossil data in Oregon, and were able to generate subsidence estimates with smaller errors.

Their refined results enabled modelers to produce earthquake models that are more consistent with observed subsidence measurements seen in today's instrumented earthquakes.

Padgett notes, «Previous investigations were able to provide estimates of subsidence with large errors, which are only so helpful to the modelers.»

With conservative assumptions about sea level rise and the subsidence of the area, two diversion structures — large concrete sluices placed in the river embankment — would create about 700 square kilometers of land over 30 years, said Gary Parker of the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign.

Sea - level rise and subsidence of the Mississippi Delta are causing large swaths of land to turn to marsh, then open water, leaving narrow strands of land barely above the muddy waters.

Deltas are highly sensitive to increasing risks arising from local human activities, land subsidence, regional water management, global sea - level rise, and climate extremes.

A more recent analysis shows that subsidence rates in the Dulac area average 12.5 millimeters (one - half inch) per year — among the highest in southern Louisiana.

As a result, the entire northern portion of Honshu, Japan's largest island, moved about 1 meter toward the east, with one site near the temblor's epicentre sliding 5.4 meters horizontally and sinking 1.1 meters — a sudden subsidence that aggravated the damage from the tsunami that slammed the shore minutes later.

On top of that, the coastal areas hit hardest — the Louisiana wetlands — are already under acute stress from subsidence, erosion and the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

The researchers also found high levels of differential subsidence near Oceania Station, the site of the 2015 crash.

The researchers also analyzed how subsidence rates varied along adjacent 30 - meter sections of track.

«But after so many years of subsidence the slope changed [to more than 7 %], and the train's brakes weren't designed for that slope.»

This differential subsidence is the real culprit when it comes to causing track damage and accidents, says Solano - Rojas, because it causes the track to bend and change slope as some sections of track subside more quickly than others.

Solano - Rojas and his colleagues then correlated their maps of differential subsidence with the locations of reported track damage and accidents collected from local newspapers, YouTube, and Twitter.

Subsidence is a concern, because as the water table lowers, the soil compacts.

Not all areas of high differential subsidence are associated with reported damage or accidents, the researchers found.

«In the cases of aging and ground subsidence, there is no regular pattern of damage.»

But these spots, obvious in the satellite data, should be monitored because the effects of subsidence often take years to manifest, Solano - Rojas says.

The results were striking: The team found that segments of the southeasterly Line A had both the most problems and the highest levels of differential subsidence.

The results show that the metro is particularly vulnerable to highly variable rates of subsidence, says Cathleen Jones, a radar scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

Even when seismic ruptures occur ~ 10 kilometers beneath the surface, as was the case of the Gorkha event, an earthquake causes patterns of deformation (uplift, subsidence and lateral shifts) that can reveal the geometry of the fault surface, or surfaces, involved.

The subsidence was accompanied by 77 earthquakes reaching magnitudes larger than M 5.

In their study, the scientists show how the ice - filled subsidence bowl developed gradually over the course of six months to become eight by eleven kilometers wide and up to 65 meters deep.

The results show the importance of taking land subsidence into account when calculating the risk from coastal flooding, the researchers say.

The subsidence means these areas are sinking even faster than sea level is rising because of global warming: currently 3 mm per year and accelerating.

«But most people are now including land subsidence in their calculations.»

The process of subsidence was triggered by the lateral intrusion of magma from a reservoir 12 kilometers below the surface.

The result of his analysis indicates that steeply - dipping ring faults controlled the subsidence at depth.

But when land subsidence is also taken into account, the area vulnerable to flooding during high tides and storm surges rises to between 130 and 430 square kilometres.

The report also took the Corps to task for failing to keep track of the effects of subsidence: In New Orleans, the ground sinks over time.

Studies have shown that coastal subsidence has been highest in some areas with the highest rates of extraction.