Any missing outcome data and clarification regarding attachment style classifications from otherwise eligible studies were requested from the corresponding authors via email.
Finally, as in any study with
missing outcome data, we can not exclude potential bias if missing values do depend on unobserved values (not missing at random).39
A further possible source of bias was loss to follow - up and
missing outcome data.
Twelve of the included studies were judged at low risk of bias for incomplete outcome data on the basis that attrition rate was less than 20 % for all outcomes (other than satisfaction), or
missing outcome data were balanced across groups (Begley 2011; Biro 2000; Flint 1989; Harvey 1996; Hicks 2003; Homer 2001; Kenny 1994; McLachlan 2012; North Stafford 2000; Tracy 2013; Turnbull 1996; Waldenstrom 2001).
Not exact matches
That's so much
missing data, and there's no reason to expect those
missing outcomes would improve the current conclusions.
We state whether attrition and exclusions were reported and the numbers included in the analysis at each stage (compared with the total randomised participants), reasons for attrition or exclusion where reported, and whether
missing data were balanced across groups or were related to
outcomes.
There were no
missing data for the
outcome variable.
The others were at unclear risk of attrition bias: two because of incomplete reporting (Penfold 2014; Winterburn 2003) and four because although there was low attrition, there was no information on loss of twins and any
missing data could relate to the true
outcome (Collins 2004; Graffy 2004; Paul 2012; Reeder 2014).
We had prespecified that we would not include
data for any
outcome where there were
missing data for more than 25 % of the randomised group.
We stated whether attrition and exclusions were reported and the numbers included in the analysis at each stage (compared with the total randomised participants), reasons for attrition or exclusion where reported, and whether
missing data were balanced across groups or were related to
outcomes.
We have not included
outcomes in the analyses where more than 25 % of the
data were
missing.
Overall, no added benefit could be derived for mirabegron because it was not possible to conduct a conclusive balancing of positive and negative effects due to the
missing data on the
outcomes «incontinence» and «urge incontinence.»
Pages of Download Grade 2 Practice Sheets: 1 - Cover 2 - For the Teacher 3 - 6 - Measurement Length 7 - 11 - Measurement Height 12 - 15 - Place Value 16 - 20 - Ordinal Numbers 21 - 25 - Smallest / Largest Number in a set of numbers 26 - 29 - Greater than 30 - 33 - Less than 34 - 36 - Greater than / Less than 37 - 39 - Add or subtract write the sign in the blank 40 - 45 - Adding using place value (example: 4 + 13 + 5) 46 - 51 - Adding with words - Example - what is 150 more than 200 52 - 55 - Skip Counting 56 - 59 - Skip Counting -
Missing Numbers on a Number line 60 - 65 - Reading Graphs 65 - 71 - Solving Word Problems 72 - 76 - Time 77 - 83 - Coin Identification and Coin counting 84 - 88 - Counting Dollars and coins 89 - 92 - Geometry 93 - 96 - Fractions 97 - 115 - Answer Keys 116 - 118 - Terms of Use and Credits Pages of Download Grade 3 Practice Sheets: 1 - Cover 2 - For the Teacher 3 - 6 - Measurement Length 7 - 11 - Measurement Height 12 - 19 - Place Value 20 - 24 - Find the smallest / largest number from a set of numbers 25 - 28 - Number Words 29 - 32 - Skip Counting - complete the sequence 33 - 37 - Counting dollars and coins 38 - 48 - Reading thermometers - temperature 49 - 53 - Reading graphs 54 - 57 - Reading Calendars 58 - 62 - Numerators and Denominators 63 - 67 - Fraction Circles 68 - 72 - Fractions of a solid 73 - 78 - Word Problems 79 - 83 -
Data Tables 84 - 88 - Multi-Step Word Problems 89 - 92 - Rounding to the nearest ten 93 - 96 - Rounding to the nearest hundred 97 - 100 - Rounding word problems 101 - 103 - Probability 104 - 107 - Geometry - identifying shapes 108 - 110 - Height of a triangle 111 - 113 - Angles identifying right, acute, and obtuse 114 - 117 - Symmetry and Angles 118 - 121 - Perimeter 122 - 125 - Area 126 - 129 - Elapsed Time 130 - 155 - Answer Keys 156 - 158 - Credits and Terms of Use Pages of Download Grade 4 practice sheets: 1 - Cover 2 - For the Teacher 3 - 6 - Measurement Length 7 - 11 - Patterns 12 - 15 - Parallel and Perpendicular Lines 16 - 26 - Reading Temperature 27 - 31 - Reading Graphs 32 - 36 - Coordinate Graphs 37 - 41 - Skip Counting - complete the sequence 42 - 46 - Place Value 47 - 50 - Number Words 51 - 55 - Powers of 10 56 - 60 - Adding using Place Value 61 - 70 - Fractions 71 - 75 - Fraction Word Problems 76 - 80 - Convert Fractions to Decimals 81 - 85 - Convert Decimals to Fractions 86 - 90 - Height of a figure 91 - 95 -
Missing Number in an equation 96 - 100 - Balancing Equations 101 - 105 -
Data Tables - ordering numbers 106 - 110 -
Data Table Addition 111 - 115 -
Data Table Time 116 - 120 -
Data Table Subtraction 121 - 125 - Estimation Word Problems 126 - 130 - Ratio Word Problems 131 - 134 - Probability 135 - 140 - Spinner Probability 141 - 145 - Arrays 146 - 173 - Answer Keys 174 - 177 - Credits and Terms of Use Pages of Download Grade 5 Sheets: 1 - Cover 2 - For the Teacher 3 - 7 - Units of Measure 8 - 12 - Reading Graphs 13 - 17 - Number Words 18 - 22 - Place Value 23 - 27 - Decimal Place Value 28 - 32 - Rounding Numbers 33 - 37 - Complete the sequence, skip counting 38 - 42 - Solving Equations 43 - 47 - Variable Equations 48 - 52 - Simplify Expressions 53 - 57 - Finding the Mean 58 - 62 - Mean, Median, Mode 63 - 67 - Greatest Common Factor 68 - 72 - Fractions 73 - 77 - Comparing a set of Fractions 78 - 83 - Comparing Multiple Fractions 84 - 93 - Fraction Word Problems 94 - 98 - Estimating / Estimation Word Problems 99 - 103 - Possible
Outcome Problems 104 - 108 - Distance Word Problems 109 - 113 - Division Word Problems 114 - 118 - Ratio Word Problems 119 - 124 - Coordinate Graphs 125 - 130 - Perimeter 131 - 135 - Area 136 - 145 Elapsed Time Clocks and Watches 146 - 171 - Answer Keys 172 - 175 - Credits and Terms of Use
The researchers acknowledge three specific limitations in this study: challenges with validity and external reliability of the authentic instruction rating scale,
missing data due to fluctuations in teacher participation during the duration of the study, and the inability to account for a variety of variables that may impact study
outcomes due to the limited time frame and scope of the program in which the study took place
Published: The
Missing Manual Using National Student Clearinghouse
Data to Track Postsecondary
Outcomes Susan M. Dynarski Steven W. Hemelt, Joshua M. Hyman EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS May 2015 vol.
The EM analysis was also used to determine that the
data for each
outcome were likely to be
missing at random.
Consistent with a hypothesis that
data are
missing at random, several baseline demographic, but not
outcome, variables predicted missingness including marital status (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4), parent age (OR = 0.92), child age (OR = 1.96), and non-white or Hispanic race / ethnicity (OR = 2.6).
Missing data for longitudinal analysis (HOME Inventory, maternal health, depression, social support, stressful life events, family functioning and experience of being a mother) were dealt with using a three - step procedure to provide a balance between maintaining study power and minimising bias in parameter estimates.27 28 First, participants who had not completed any
data points for these
outcomes were deleted from analysis.
Data about prison populations and re-incarceration rates are poorly reported, and information about post-prison release outcomes is almost entirely missing — despite data on all these issues being routinely collected through criminal justice system administration proces
Data about prison populations and re-incarceration rates are poorly reported, and information about post-prison release
outcomes is almost entirely
missing — despite
data on all these issues being routinely collected through criminal justice system administration proces
data on all these issues being routinely collected through criminal justice system administration processes.
In the second approach,
missing -
data estimation methods were used to estimate
outcomes for all trial participants.
The second analysis involved estimation of
missing data for the
outcome measures in Table 1 for all participants who did not have complete
data for the 36 - month period.
Missing data estimation: The second approach involved estimation of missing data on the outcome measures in Table 3 for all clients who did not have complete data for the 36 - month
Missing data estimation: The second approach involved estimation of
missing data on the outcome measures in Table 3 for all clients who did not have complete data for the 36 - month
missing data on the
outcome measures in Table 3 for all clients who did not have complete
data for the 36 - month period.
Low risk of bias: there are no dropouts or exclusions; there is some
missing data but the reasons for
missing data are unlikely to be related to the true
outcome; or
missing data are balanced in proportion across intervention groups, with similar reasons for
missing data across groups.
Second, methods of
missing data estimation were used to estimate
outcomes for all trial participants.
Lack of information on reasons for
missing data, insufficient evidence of effect of
missing data on
outcome, lack of information on imputation methods or insufficient detail on intention - to - treat and participant departure from allocation to make a judgement of low or high risk of bias