Researchers at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark found that
mixing ejaculates from different male ants in vitro increased the number of mobile sperm by 50 % compared to control samples which had been mixed with a saline solution.
In a series of follow up experiments, the authors found that the increase in sperm motility when
mixing ejaculates was induced by the seminal fluid of rival males, not by their sperm, and that a similar increase could also be induced by mixing sperm with the reproductive tract fluid of queens.