Since
organic farms are mostly
mixed farms, integrating animal husbandry with crop production, using vast and diverse rotations, intercrops and green cover crops, and maintaining soil fertility by cultivating
nitrogen fixing legumes, they display a higher diversity of domesticated species than conventional farms.
Volatile
organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and
nitrogen oxides from Asian cars and industry
mix in the atmosphere as they cross the Pacific Ocean and convert in sunlight into ozone, a main ingredient in smog, Jaffe explains.
Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of
organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the
organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol
mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary
organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.