In contrast, an autosomal dominant
mode of inheritance with a high degree of penetrance has been suggested for the pulverulent (dust - like) form of cataract observed in the Norwegian Buhund [116] and autosomal dominant with variable penetrance has been suggested for inherited posterior polar subcapsular cataracts in the Labrador and Golden retriever [117], although current anecdotal evidence indicates that in the Labrador cataracts could also be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
The abundance of carriers in the population caused initial difficulties in characterizing
the mode of inheritance with certainty and it was suspected that the disease had an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.
Analysis of pedigrees from 4005 Bernese mountain dogs with 50 affected dogs revealed a polygenic, recessive
mode of inheritance with a predisposition for males 7.
Not exact matches
This Venn diagram, generously provided by Kari Branham
of the University
of Michigan, shows RP genes associated
with different
modes of inheritance.
Holobionts and their hologenomes: Evolution
with mixed
modes of inheritance — Karen Luisa Haag — Genetics and Molecular Biology
Some reasons for this relatively low yield include unappreciated phenotypic heterogeneity; locus heterogeneity; somatic and germline mosaicism; variants
of uncertain functional significance; technically inaccessible areas
of the genome; incorrect
mode of inheritance investigated; and inadequate communication between clinicians and basic scientists
with knowledge
of particular genes, proteins, or biological systems.
The
mode of inheritance for most Aussie cataracts is dominant
with incomplete penetrance, meaning not every dog
with the mutation will develop cataracts though 70 %
of those
with cataracts have it.
The
mode of inheritance for PRA varies
with the breed.
It is difficult to control disorders
with a polygenic
mode of inheritance as the exact genes which cause such a disease and the non-genetic factors which will influence expression are unknown.
It must be noted however that a subset
of PRA - affected Italian Greyhounds in the study carried only one copy
of the IG - PRA1 risk allele, suggesting that the disease may represent a
mode of inheritance called «Autosomal Dominant
with Incomplete Penetrance» (ADIP).
Pidduck et al., (3) working
with toy poodles, proposed a simple (autosomal) recessive
mode of inheritance.
In an effort to clarify the
mode of inheritance, Vasseur et al., (5) working
with the Manchester terrier club, conducted a test breeding.
With polygenic disorders, or those with an unknown mode of inheritance, breadth of normalcy in the pedigree is the best selection t
With polygenic disorders, or those
with an unknown mode of inheritance, breadth of normalcy in the pedigree is the best selection t
with an unknown
mode of inheritance, breadth
of normalcy in the pedigree is the best selection tool.
The vertical pedigrees were drawn and scrutinized to see whether the phenotypes and the assumed genotypes in each generation were compatible
with expectations under assumptions
of the simple Mendelian
modes of inheritance.
Various
modes of inheritance of epilepsy have been deduced in different breeds, including simple autosomal recessive 3
with a sex - modifier 4, 5, polygenic recessive 6
with a sex - predilection 7, polygenic
with a large contribution by a single autosomal recessive gene 8, and a multi-locus model 9.
This
mode of inheritance means that one affected dog crossed
with one normal dog will produce puppies
of which half, on average, will have the disease.
The estimated segregation ratio is not consistent
with a fully penetrant simple autosomal recessive
mode of inheritance.
Epilepsy in beagles was thought to be homologous to Lafora's disease in man based on the similar findings from histopathological examination 23 and the
mode of inheritance was described as autosomal recessive
with a sex - linked «suppressor» 4, 5.
The
mode of inheritance has not been determined precisely but the fact that dogs heterozygous for the KRT71 mutation do not have curls and also the occasional occurrence
of dogs
with curly hair in breeds
with typically straight hair suggests that the curly hair is inherited in a recessive or incompletely dominant
mode.
This is a condition which is thought to be inherited, probably
with a polygenic
mode of inheritance modified by environmental influences.
Modes of inheritance for these diseases are not fully known and are likely to be complex,
with multiple genes involved.
In contrast, the form
of cataract observed in the Australian Shepherd, caused by the deletion described above, has a dominant, or co-dominant
mode of inheritance, is not completely penetrant and is typically associated
with a posterior polar subcapsular cataract that also has a variable age
of onset.
Dogs are born
with it and it is inherited, although the
mode of inheritance is not yet known in our breed.
EIC is a hereditary condition
with an autosomal recessive
mode of inheritance.
The
mode of inheritance has been determined to possibly be, autosomal recessive in Keeshonds16, polygenic
with one gene
of major influence in Belgian Tervurens17, and polygenic recessive in Golden Retrievers.18 Once the
mode of inheritance is determined within a breed, we will determine the best technique to try and find a genetic marker linked to epilepsy gene (s) in each breed.
The estimates
of the variance components suggest that the
mode of inheritance of hip dysplasia is quantitative,
with a major gene affecting the trait jointly
with numerous minor genes.
Depending on the particular variety, the
mode of inheritance could be autosomal recessive or dominant, or X-chromosome-linked recessive or dominant, some
with full penetrance, and some not.
While variability in the age
of disease onset and incomplete pedigree information preclude us from drawing any definitive conclusions about the
mode of inheritance, the available data is most consistent
with an autosomal recessive pattern.
Although the definitive
mode of inheritance is often difficult to estimate from pedigrees due to missing phenotypes, our pedigrees in all breeds suggest a strong genetic influence
with multiple affected dogs across generations and even within several litters.
Hip dysplasia is an inherited defect
with a polygenic -LRB-» many genes»)
mode of inheritance.