One can see that listening invokes the sensory
mode of perception in human beings.
Not exact matches
Our dominant
modes of perceptions fill
in what others have blind spots to, and vice versa.
Thus perhaps we should conclude that Whitehead uses «
perception»
in an extended sense, like many other terms he appropriates from ordinary language, such that one need not be conscious to have
perceptions in the
mode of CE.
In particular, I argue that Whitehead's account of perception in the mode of causal efficacy is question - beggin
In particular, I argue that Whitehead's account
of perception in the mode of causal efficacy is question - beggin
in the
mode of causal efficacy is question - begging.
Since a given actual entity is causally affected by every other actual entity
In its past, this theory would tend to support my original «detailed» interpretation of CE in IWTP, according to which Whitehead is committed to a theory of perception in the mode of CE which yields very specific knowledge of cause
In its past, this theory would tend to support my original «detailed» interpretation
of CE
in IWTP, according to which Whitehead is committed to a theory of perception in the mode of CE which yields very specific knowledge of cause
in IWTP, according to which Whitehead is committed to a theory
of perception in the mode of CE which yields very specific knowledge of cause
in the
mode of CE which yields very specific knowledge
of causes.
In these passages, Whitehead does not seem to distinguish between the appearance and reality of perception in the mode of causal efficac
In these passages, Whitehead does not seem to distinguish between the appearance and reality
of perception in the mode of causal efficac
in the
mode of causal efficacy.
In the night, in the jungle, visual and discrete modes of perception are replaced by the tactile, the visceral, and the more synesthetic forms of cognizanc
In the night,
in the jungle, visual and discrete modes of perception are replaced by the tactile, the visceral, and the more synesthetic forms of cognizanc
in the jungle, visual and discrete
modes of perception are replaced by the tactile, the visceral, and the more synesthetic forms
of cognizance.
8.1 assumed
in IWTP that
perception in the
mode of CE is necessarily a conscious experience, and that assumption may be mistaken.
Berry sees hope
in the outcropping
of movements and
modes of perception that suggest an awakening.
Unfortunately, this interpretation would yield a vacuous infallibility for CE, since it would be a matter
of definition that under it the subject's
perceptions in the
mode of CE would be
of (ale the actual causes operating on it.
(3) Quite likely Whitehead assumes CE is reliable on systematic grounds: the doctrine
of prehension, according to which one actual entity is (objectively)
in another (PR 50), ensures that
perception,
in whatever
mode, as a special instance
of prehension, can never be completely delusive?
This would make
perception of X
in the
mode of CE essentially identical to being causally affected by X.
In particular, he argues that Whitehead's account of perception in the mode of causal efficacy is question - beggin
In particular, he argues that Whitehead's account
of perception in the mode of causal efficacy is question - beggin
in the
mode of causal efficacy is question - begging.
The first involves a spatial mismatch between the two pure
modes of perception, presentational immediacy (PI) and causal efficacy (CE),
in symbolic reference (SR).»
The only reason for accepting that
perception in the
mode of causal efficacy is accurate or reliable is that the
perception occurs (where the
perception is considered strictly as an experience without any cognitive or epistemic significance).
Although he does not speak specifically
of prototaxic, parataxic, and syntaxic
modes of experience, the same sequential patterns are reflected
in his description
of the first cycle
of intellectual progress, which runs «from the achievement
of perception to the acquirement
of language, and from the acquirement
of language to classified thought and keener
perception» (AE 31).
Perception in the
mode of presentational immediacy objectifies the actual entities «within one particular duration»: «the «presented duration»» (Process 321).
Utilizing Whitehead's doctrine
of «
perception in the
mode of presentational immediacy.»
We
in fact share this
mode of perception with nonhuman occasions
of experience.
Whitehead thinks
of perception in the
mode of presentational immediacy as the presentation
of clear, obvious sensory data, such as vision most strikingly affords, and which are the basis for the Humean notion
of impressions.
In this way there is a combination of presentational immediacy with what Whitehead terms «perception in the mode of causal efficacy,» a direct perception of the causal relation between the sense presentation and the object which it stands fo
In this way there is a combination
of presentational immediacy with what Whitehead terms «
perception in the mode of causal efficacy,» a direct perception of the causal relation between the sense presentation and the object which it stands fo
in the
mode of causal efficacy,» a direct
perception of the causal relation between the sense presentation and the object which it stands for.
Perception in its primitive mode, as we have seen, is perception of causal efficacy, that is, the causal efficacy of concrete singular entities, and, as a subjective response to such influence, it is emotional rather than
Perception in its primitive
mode, as we have seen, is
perception of causal efficacy, that is, the causal efficacy of concrete singular entities, and, as a subjective response to such influence, it is emotional rather than
perception of causal efficacy, that is, the causal efficacy
of concrete singular entities, and, as a subjective response to such influence, it is emotional rather than cognitive.
If anything may he termed passive, it is the object
in perception according to the
mode of presentational immediacy, which is passive merely insofar as it is not felt as exerting a causal influence on the percipient.
One could hardly accept such an identification as fully true to Santayana's intentions, yet there is a certain intriguing affinity between Whitehead's distinction between
perception in the
mode of presentational immediacy and
perception in the
mode of causal efficacy and Santayana's distinction between intuition and intent.
In contrast stands the more basic perception in the mode of causal efficacy; which «is our general sense of existence, as one item among others in an efficacious external world» and «of derivation from an immediate past, and of passage to an immediate future»; its data «are vague, not to be controlled, heavy with emotion.&raqu
In contrast stands the more basic
perception in the mode of causal efficacy; which «is our general sense of existence, as one item among others in an efficacious external world» and «of derivation from an immediate past, and of passage to an immediate future»; its data «are vague, not to be controlled, heavy with emotion.&raqu
in the
mode of causal efficacy; which «is our general sense
of existence, as one item among others
in an efficacious external world» and «of derivation from an immediate past, and of passage to an immediate future»; its data «are vague, not to be controlled, heavy with emotion.&raqu
in an efficacious external world» and «
of derivation from an immediate past, and
of passage to an immediate future»; its data «are vague, not to be controlled, heavy with emotion.»
(This,
of course, would be Whitehead's
perception in the
mode of presentational immediacy.)
Whitehead makes the interesting suggestion at one point that if «animal faith» (
in the sense
of «intent») refers to
perception in the
mode of causal efficacy then Santayana's position is virtually the same as his (see PR 52, 81 and 142).
As is well known, there are many significant points
of divergence between the two philosophers, but we shall keep to our topic
of human experience as manifested
in its basic
mode, primitive
perception.
Having made this correlation, I should add that the hard - core commonsense notions are not limited to elements derivable from
perception in the
mode of causal efficacy, or what Whitehead also calls physical feelings.
Whitehead calls this new kind
of experience «
perception in the
mode of presentational immediacy.»
In the twentieth century, such research has relied almost exclusively on perception in the mode of presentational immediacy, that is, on quantified sense data devoid of a sense of past inheritance and thus devoid of meaning, emotion or purpos
In the twentieth century, such research has relied almost exclusively on
perception in the mode of presentational immediacy, that is, on quantified sense data devoid of a sense of past inheritance and thus devoid of meaning, emotion or purpos
in the
mode of presentational immediacy, that is, on quantified sense data devoid
of a sense
of past inheritance and thus devoid
of meaning, emotion or purpose.
We have seen that research
in nonhuman experience corroborates Whitehead's epistemological scheme
in which
perception takes the two forms
of causal efficacy and presentational immediacy, propositions and concepts are primarily nonlinguistic, feeling is the dominant
mode of world - and self - disclosure, and animals experience both morally and aesthetically.
The knowledge
of causality may be grounded
in experience only by paying attention to the
mode of experience
in which causality is the principle constituent; but it is precisely this
mode of perception that both Hume and Kant ignore.
We see this
in his discussion
of perception in the
mode of causal efficacy.
10 Given my stress
in the previous section on the importance
of Whitehead's theory
of perception in the
mode of causal efficacy, it is revealing to notice that Russell apparently coined both the term and concept, leaving it to Whitehead to make use
of it (BR, p. 51).
The two pure
modes of perception consist
in a direct recognition which can not be mistaken.
Whitehead» s description
of perception in the
mode of causal efficacy already cited seems especially appropriate to dreams.
One root
of cause
of this splitting, which results
in the exclusion
of the spiritual, is a world view that emphasizes one pure
mode of perception (presentational immediacy) over against the other pure
mode (causal efficacy).
The form
of the argument is roughly: If the
modes of the therapy's theory
of self can correlate with Whitehead's
modes of perception, and these same
modes can correlate with the stages
of gestalt formation, which
in turn correlate with the phases
of concrescence, then it is quite possible that Whitehead's
mode of perception can correlate with the phases
of concrescence.
This is the case for
perception in the
mode of «presentational immediacy»» (PR 253/386; also, 122 / 186).
«7 It is the former
mode of pre - or subconscious
perception — exhibited
in the behavior
of bodily organs and tissues, manifest and directly observable also throughout the sentient but nonhuman world, and bearing a close resemblance to William James's «stream
of consciousness» or «blooming, buzzing confusion» — upon which our conscious knowledge
of the «causal nexus» may be grounded.
Rather, it is a projection by a percipient subject onto a (fictitious) contemporaneous spatiotemporal manifold
of certain highly refined and analyzed features
of entities directly (but more vaguely and dimly) encountered
in the percipient's immediate past through the
mode of causal efficacy.8 The important distinction between true
perception — what we might now
in Rortyan jargon call nonmentalistic «unanalyzed raw feels» — and this second - order symbolic projection
of select percepta characteristic only
of higher - order conscious organisms is somewhat blurred by terming both equally «
modes of perception.»
The physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer once said, «There are children playing
in the streets who could solve some
of my top problems
in physics, because they have
modes of sensory
perception that I lost long ago.
Causal efficacy, Whitehead's other pure
mode of perception, makes up for these deficiencies
of presentational immediacy, but what it gains
in relatedness and explanatory power it loses
in vividness and sharpness
of definition.
It means that an awareness
of the cause
of a
perception —
in the
mode of causal efficacy — must be copresent with the experience
of the effect —
in the
mode of presentational immediacy.
«
In order to find obvious examples
of the pure
mode of causal efficacy we must have recourse to the viscera and to memory; and to find examples
of the pure
mode of presentational immediacy we must have recourse to so - called «delusive»
perceptions» (PR 121f / 186).
Whitehead tries to avoid radical bifurcation by introducing a second
mode of perception, CE, which discriminates the same sorts
of entities (events, sensa, geometrical objects)
in the same total field as PI (S 8, 30, 49, 53; PR 255 - 59).
Perception in the
mode of presentational immediacy is confined to an awareness
of spatial areas and the sense qualities inhering
in them (PR 121 / 185).
In this way, he thinks, we have direct awareness of our bodies as the cause of our perception in the mode of presentational immediac
In this way, he thinks, we have direct awareness
of our bodies as the cause
of our
perception in the mode of presentational immediac
in the
mode of presentational immediacy.
He seems to indicate not only that it presents a vague sense
of activities and dynamic relations
in nature, but that it also discloses
in considerable detail the causal mechanism by which the
perceptions in the
mode of presentational immediacy were produced.