Sentences with phrase «model simulations represent»

Not exact matches

In a simulation designed to test techniques for constructing such networks, a model was created comprising 4,173 neuro - synaptic «cores» representing the 77 largest regions in the Macaque brain.

Canadell added that while the models represent the best possible simulation of Earth system components, they are continually being improved.

For the RCP8.5 projections, which represents stronger increases in greenhouse gas concentrations than RCP4.5, there was a striking level of consistency in the magnitude of change in AR frequency — all models showed an approximate doubling of the number of future ARs compared to the simulations for 1980 — 2005.

Likewise, while models can not represent the climate system perfectly (thus the uncertainly in how much the Earth will warm for a given amount of emissions), climate simulations are checked and re-checked against real - world observations and are an established tool in understanding the atmosphere.

The research team used mathematical analysis and a computer simulation model to represent the evolution of an idealised town of about 200,000 inhabitants.

The team included a parameterization to represent irrigation in the Noah land surface model applied in WRF, and conducted a series of simulations with and without irrigation over the SGP for an extremely dry year (2006) and wet year (2007).

They compared the empirical data to the model simulations of the MJO, where much of the MJO processes are currently represented with parameterizations, a way to express complex climate systems in a computationally efficient way.

In terms of brain simulation, the challenges are even bigger: The world's fourth most powerful supercomputer took 40 minutes to model one second of brain activity in a simulated network containing 1.73 billion neurons and over a trillion synapses, yet this represents just one per cent of neuronal networks in the human brain.

Computational thinking: A problem - solving process that includes, but is not limited to, the following characteristics: formulating problems in a way that enables us to use a computer and other tools to solve them; logically organizing and analyzing data; representing data through abstractions such as models and simulations; automating solutions through algorithmic thinking (a series of ordered steps); identifying, analyzing and implementing possible solutions with the goal of achieving the most efficient and effective combination of steps and resources; and generalizing and transferring this problem - solving process to a wide variety of problems.

Because this issue continues to affect all coupled ocean - atmosphere models (e.g., 22 — 24), the warming (Fig. 3) represents the expression of positive biotic feedback mechanisms missing from earlier simulations of these climates obtained with prescribed PI concentrations of trace GHGs.

In models, the ocean heat uptake is not quite well represented in transient simulations while in long term simulations (assuming that model reaches equilibrium), ocean heat uptake may be well represented.

He chose a figure which represented model simulations of temperature responses only to greenhouse gas changes, which neglects for example the temperature response to the cooling effects of aerosols.

They represent how parameter magnitudes varied across their uncertainty ranges affect the temperature simulations of the HadCM3L model itself.

(Note that some of these differences also result from random weather variations, and therefore do not represent true differences among model responses to greenhouse gas increases, but nevertheless can lead to different simulation results.)

We use the large - eddy simulation code PyCLES to simulate the dynamics of clouds and boundary layers, to elucidate their response to climate changes, and to develop closure schemes for representing their smaller - scale dynamics in larger - scale climate and weather forecasting models.

Turns out that the UK climate records, as represented by the Central England Temperature (CET) dataset, reveals the same expert abject failures and non-consistency with model simulations.

Fan is also looking at how severe storms and these physical impacts can be represented in earth system model simulations.

This information will help to better represent these cycles in predictive models such as climate simulations.

The review study found that high - resolution mixed layer ocean models can represent some of the complicated air - sea interactions and recommended that scientists use coupled simulations and evaluate them in terms of the observed relationship between convection and sea surface temperature and associated variables.

Researchers project future climate using climate models — computer - based numerical simulations that use the equations for fluid dynamics and energy transfer to represent atmospheric weather patterns and ocean circulation.

Although the global models have improved over time (Chapter 8), they still have limitations that affect the simulation of extreme events in terms of spatial resolution, simulation errors, and parametrizations that must represent processes that can not yet be included explicitly in the models, particularly dealing with clouds and precipitation (Meehl et al., 2000d).

Key challenges, therefore, will be to increasingly: 1) interrogate extreme events in climate simulations; 2) use earth system models to disentangle the complex and multiple controls on proxies; 3) adopt multi-proxy approaches to constrain complex phenomena; and 4) increase the spatial coverage of such records, especially in arid regions, which are currently under - represented.

They looked at each 15 - year period since the 1950s, and compared how accurately each model simulation had represented El Niño and La Niña conditions during those 15 years, using the trends in what's known as the Niño3.4 index.

Each individual climate model run has a random representation of these natural ocean cycles, so for every 15 - year period, some of those simulations will have accurately represented the actual El Niño conditions just by chance.