Sentences with phrase «modeling carbon dioxide and water»

Measuring and modeling carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange over a temperate broad - leaved forest during the 1995 summer drought

Not exact matches

Interior Astronomers hoped the probe would confirm that comets fit the popular model of a «dirty snowball»: an icy core made up of a solid mix of water ice, dirt, and frozen gases like carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, coated with a thin crust of debris.

Like older models, they will use uranium fission to heat water and drive a turbine, but these reactors will be smaller, simpler to build, and each will add more than 1100 megawatts of capacity to the region's power grid when they come online in 2016 or 2017 — without emitting carbon dioxide.

To improve models for drilling, hydraulic fracturing and underground storage of carbon dioxide, Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists used neutrons to understand how water flows through fractured rock.

The short - and long - wave absorptivities of the most important greenhouse gases water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone are derived from line - by - line calculations based on the HITRAN08 - databasis and are integrated in the model.

Data from satellite observations «suggest that greenhouse models ignore negative feedback produced by clouds and by water vapor, that diminish the warming effects» of human carbon dioxide emissions.

The short - and long - wave absorptivities of the most important greenhouse gases water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone are derived from line - by - line calculations based on the HITRAN08 - databasis and are integrated in the model.

Climate models also indicate that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane may enhance the transport of water into the stratosphere»

Model simulations indicate that polar surface waters will become undersaturated for aragonite in the near future for the Arctic (atmospheric carbon dioxide of 400 - 450 ppm) and by mid-century for the southern ocean off the Antarctic (atmospheric carbon dioxide of 550 - 600 ppm).

These models suggest that if the net effect of ocean circulation, water vapour, cloud, and snow feedbacks were zero, the approximate temperature response to a doubling of carbon dioxide from pre-industrial levels would be a 1oC warming.

To name two examples, both John Tyndall — who first discovered the roles of water vapor and carbon dioxide as greenhouse gases in 1859 - 60 — and Svante Arrhenius — who hand - calculated the first model of greenhouse warming in 1896 — used this terminology in the titles of their ground - breaking papers.

They do so because within these models the far more important radiative substances, water vapor and clouds, act to greatly amplify whatever an increase in carbon dioxide might do.

Indeed, strong observational evidence and results from modeling studies indicate that, at least over the last 50 years, human activities are a major contributor to climate change.Direct human impact is through changes in the concentration of certain trace gases such as carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapor, known collectively as greenhouse gases.

The world's climate is way too complex... with way too many significant global and regional variables (e.g., solar, volcanic and geologic activity, variations in the strength and path of the jet stream and major ocean currents, the seasons created by the tilt of the earth, and the concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere, which by the way is many times more effective at holding heat near the surface of the earth than is carbon dioxide, a non-toxic, trace gas that all plant life must have to survive, and that produce the oxygen that WE need to survive) to consider for any so - called climate model to generate a reliable and reproducible predictive model.

Climate models focus on the effect of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide and water vapor, to the neglect of cloud cover.

Current global climate models suggest that the water vapor feedback to global warming due to carbon dioxide increases is weak but these models do not fully resolve the tropopause or the cold point, nor do they completely represent the QBO [Quasi Biennial Oscillation], deep convective transport and its linkages to SSTs, or the impact of aerosol heating on water input to the stratosphere.

Specific research topics include carbon dioxide, methane and water fluxes and their reservoirs in vegetation and soil, transport in atmosphere, and model - data fusion using advanced numerical methods.The research is based on numerical modelling, from local to global scale with focus on northern regions.

Satellite observations suggest that GH models ignore negative feedbacks, produced by clouds and by water vapor, that diminish the warming effects of carbon dioxide.»

Bear in mind that the representation of clouds in climate models (and of the water vapour which is intimately involved with cloud formation) is such as to amplify the forecast global warming from increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide — on average over most of the models — by a factor of about three (5).

Climate models encapsulate what we know about how the Sun's rays travel through the atmosphere and how heat from the surface of the Earth gets absorbed by clouds, water vapour and, of course, carbon dioxide.