Sentences with phrase «modeling we estimated how»

Using radiation modeling we estimated how strong the climate forcing would be for each scenario, and then ran general circulation models to see how that forcing would change the climate.

Not exact matches

Zillow cautions that its estimates are rough, based on a simple model that looks at how rents in each city have responded to past influxes of workers.

Below is a quick review of the forecasting inputs in our models and how we derive our default estimates.

Facebook's data collection practices, the core of its ad - based business model, have come under broad scrutiny in recent weeks as the company has been forced to raise its estimates of how much user information was leaked and to admit that «most» of its more than two billion users may have had their public profile data scraped by outside harvesters.

You'd probably have to come up with a statistical model that estimates what the fluctuations should be given some basic assumptions on how people will buy to make a conclusive argument that there is something fishy here.

The ideal tax structure, it was suggested, would be a volumetric tax on all alcoholic beverages, applied at the same rate of tax per litre of alcohol across all beverages.6 However, the review did not provide any detailed estimates or modelling of the optimal tax rate on alcohol nor how this would affect government revenue, overall consumption or changes in the social costs from harmful consumption.

He's still pretty conservative and in a recent analysis, I've applied the model from The Constrained Court to estimate the policy preferences of justices and how they would map onto the vote on the health care legislation (it's all based on a statistical model that links the Court and Congress via positions members of one institution take on votes in the other).

Higgins said he doesn't have a philosophical issue with the single - payer model, but while some are estimating Sanders plan could cost more than $ 30 trillion over a decade — with no plan from the senator at the moment on how to cover that cost — his comes at no extra charge to the government.

The answer is that turnout modelling takes into account two factors and your estimated turnout will depend on how much weight you are giving to each.

How this model works: As with my analyses of opinion poll figures in Ireland, constituency support estimates for different parties and groupings form the basis of the general approach taken with this analysis.

Most estimates of how fast species evolve new features are based on models, which generally indicate that it could take up to 10,000 generations.

The computer models used to generate the maps also estimate where, how often and how strongly ground shaking from an earthquake could occur, so that residents, engineers and city planners can see the likelihood that their community will experience a damaging earthquake over the next year.

The team also collected data on nearby saltwater - disposal wells and built a 3 - D model to simulate pressure from injection wells and estimate how it would move through underground rock.

Barnard and his team predicted how SoCal's shores would evolve from 2010 through 2100 by modeling the factors that influence beaches — estimates for sea level rise as well as wave and storm behavior and predicted climate change patterns if the world eventually stabilizes its greenhouse gas emissions by mid-century, then starts reducing them.

And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and aerosol particles.

When the team combined OCO - 2 data from selected passes over certain power plants in the United States with computer models of how emissions plumes would disperse, its estimates of those plants» emissions fell within 17 % of the actual amounts those facilities reported for those days, the researchers report this week in Geophysical Research Letters.

This enabled the team to estimate how temperature - related mortality rates will change under alternative scenarios of climate change, defined by the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for climate modelling and research in 2014.

To assess how future heat waves might affect air travel, researchers used climate models to estimate hour - by - hour temperatures throughout the year at 19 particularly busy airports in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, China, and South Asia for the period between 2060 and 2080.

The robot had learned to use a perceptual model to recognize and classify objects — and it could rely on this model to estimate how similar two objects were with only the sounds they made to guide it.

Using mathematical models of the subtle forces that knock them loose — the tug of passing stars, interstellar gas clouds, and especially the gravitational fields of the galaxy itself — Harold Levison of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, has estimated how many other objects populate the Oort cloud.

They specified and estimated a statistical model of how consumers fractured their shopping basket and shared their wallet across stores.

Once they had a sense of how many sharks were in the densest communities and combined that with previous data on the sharks» movements, they modeled an estimate for the population as a whole.

Dr Philip Cox, of the Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, a joint research centre of the University's Department of Archaeology and HYMS, used computer modelling to estimate how powerful the bite of Josephoartigasia could be.

«By looking at the decline in fish food over time, we can estimate how much our total potential fisheries catch could be reduced,» said Moore, who helped develop the Community Earth System Model employed in this study.

Data from BOREAS allows researchers to estimate how much carbon dioxide trees pull out of the atmosphere and store within their structures, a value used in some models to predict the role of forests in a future, warmer world.

The greater estimate of shrinkage accords with models that predict how much a rocky planet should contract as its interior cools; the new work may also lend insight into the evolution of extrasolar planets that, like Mercury and unlike Earth, lack any moving continents.

To estimate how much the sensitivity varies, Gary Russell of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York and colleagues ran a climate model repeatedly.

They then estimated how much extra nitrogen and phosphorus would actually be available from natural sources and found that there would not be enough, revising the models accordingly.

Then they applied a set of mathematical models to estimate the movement of nutrients vertically in the oceans and across the land — and how this movement changed with extinctions and declining animal populations.

Now, the same groups have built more elaborate models that paint a detailed picture of how the British countryside was ravaged by the FMD virus, taking into account things such as the location of every farm, the estimated number of pigs, cattle, and sheep each farm contained, as well as exhaustive data about the spread of the disease and the culling process.

After first zeroing in on EnergyStar models, be sure to check out the accompanying yellow EnergyGuide sticker, which gets down to the nitty - gritty and estimates how much energy the appliance uses, compares its energy use to similar products and lists approximate annual operating costs.

Using their models of hopping and flapping from parrotlet data, the researchers estimated how four birdlike dinosaurs may have used their early winglike arms.

«Non-linear» animal reactions He and his colleagues based their analysis on nearly 500 million temperature records collected at 3,000 weather stations between 1961 and 2009, feeding that information into models that allowed them to estimate how climate shifts affected the metabolism of cold - blooded insects, lizards and amphibians around the world.

For the paper, «Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Nigeria, July - September, 2014,» published today in Eurosurveillance, researchers used epidemic modeling to project the size of the outbreak in Nigeria if control interventions had been implemented during various time periods after the initial case and estimated how many cases had thus been prevented by early initiation of interventions.

The scientists fed information about Salt Lake City's estimated CO2 emissions and local weather conditions into a model that simulated how atmospheric conditions would mix and distribute the gas.

Colgan's team used two different combinations of regional and global climate models to estimate how conditions might change at the camp's location in the future.

«The study provides more realistic modeling estimates of how much vegetation change will occur over the 21st century and will allow better predictions of future climate change,» she said.

Barthelemy says the model could also come in handy for estimating traffic delays, gas consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, so that urban planners and policy makers can better understand how those different factors evolve as a city grows.

Also using T2Well to model that well, they estimated how much oil and gas were actually flowing out to the sea floor.

By applying sophisticated mathematical models, geneticists can estimate how long it takes for certain kinds of differences to arise.

«Our results show that the uncertainty estimates of greenhouse gas inventories depend on the calculation method and on how the input data for the model, such as weather and litterfall data, have been averaged,» says Aleksi Lehtonen, researcher at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke).

Combining the speed and thickness measurements allowed the scientists to determine how much ice was flowing into the ocean, while the climate model allowed them to estimate how much snow was falling on the ice sheet.

Scientists have developed numerous models to predict how much fuel remains inside Earth to drive its engines — and estimates vary widely — but the true amount remains unknown.

Matz and his colleagues developed a model to estimate the ability of the common coral species Acropora millepora to evolve by redistributing existing heat - tolerance genes, taking into account the coral's present - day genetic diversity and how far its larvae migrate before settling down.

His project is expected to provide important insights into how surface melt affects ice shelves, and provide data for improving climate models in order to provide an estimate of present - day and future surface melt on the East Antarctic ice shelves.

This involves a combination of satellite observations (when different satellites captured temperatures in both morning and evening), the use of climate models to estimate how temperatures change in the atmosphere over the course of the day, and using reanalysis data that incorporates readings from surface observations, weather balloons and other instruments.

Fischer and colleagues used their LANDFLOW model to estimate how deforestation is connected to agricultural production in each country and how it relates to EU consumption via international trade.

They compared these methods against a detailed model estimate to see how they measured up against the benchmark simulations.

Using the prevailing model of how the universe began and evolved, scientists can estimate just how big structures of this type could be at any given stage of the universe's evolution.

An earlier version of this model had been designed to estimate how much modern humans and Neanderthals interbred.