Sentences with phrase «modelling human effects»

According to Steffen, there are two approaches to modelling human effects on climate — either include anthropogenic factors such as greenhouse gases, aerosols and land use in conventional climate models, or use an economics approach.

Not exact matches

But the effect upon human community is much the same in either case, Myths, Models and Paradigms (New York: Harper & Row, 1974).

One of the most useful models for evaluating the personal effects of religious television programs is found in Television and Human Behavior by George Comstock and his associates.

Using a «gnotobiotic mouse model» — where mice were «colonized with a synthetic human gut microbiota composed of fully sequenced commensal bacteria» — Desai et al reported on the effects of different diets with different fibre content.

«Future studies need to determine the health effects of these cocoas in models of human disease and to evaluate the consumer acceptability of the cocoas as part of a chocolate product.»

When categories of human milk were entered into the logistic regression models, a dose - response effect was not observed.

For example, the effect of early milking frequency on «programming» milk production capacity has been explored in bovine models [30], [40]--[42], but no human studies have been conducted, most notably due to the previous need for mammary biopsies.

Impact models attempt to translate changes in natural systems into effects on agriculture, weather and human health

To demonstrate the effects of bullying, the researchers used an animal model simulating the physical and emotional stressors involved in human bullying — chronic social defeat stress.

Zebrafish are commonly used to model human diseases, in part because their larvae are transparent, making it easy to see the effects of genetic mutations or drugs.

The model calculations, which are based on data from the CLOUD experiment, reveal that the cooling effects of clouds are 27 percent less than in climate simulations without this effect as a result of additional particles caused by human activity: Instead of a radiative effect of -0.82 W / m2 the outcome is only -0.60 W / m2.

Climate models show that the additional particles caused by human activity produce a cooling effect which partially offsets the greenhouse effect.

The researchers observed the effect of the synthetically produced molecule, JK - 31, on the growth and proliferation of a model human breast cancer cell line and found that it effectively blocked the protein cyclin - dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which plays a key part in the process of the division of cancer cells, and therefore inhibited the proliferation of the cells.

«Whether an insulating effect of obesity exists is of significance both for humans and for animal models of obesity,» the research team wrote.

The team will continue their tests using an artificial human arm to model the physical effects of far more severe collisions.

Crawford - Brown worked for a while on models of the effects of radiation and chemical exposure on human health, then wandered into decision analysis by the back door when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) started to use some of his scientific models.

Exploiting the same pre-clinical model used for their studies, the researchers are testing the efficacy of this kind of drug candidates against cancer stem cells, and the possibility of identifying combination regimens with standard chemotherapies with minimized toxic effects, with the perspective of their possible application for the treatment of human breast cancer.

Dr. Wang plans to continue studying the effects of TNF and IL - 17 on melanocytes, and would like to expand the research to 3D skin models — fabricated samples of tissue in vitro that behave like human skin — that would give a better visual of how the melanin production process is being disrupted by these two cytokines during skin inflammation or wound healing.

«Studying these effects in model systems such as rats and flies allows us to address these questions by manipulating the likely mechanisms involved, which we can't do in humans.»

With CiPA, human iPSC - cardiomyocytes are employed to assess drug effects on the cardiac action potential to confirm the outcome of in silico modeling efforts, relying on hiPSC - cardiomyocytes to provide the integrated drug response from multiple native human currents in a human - derived cellular preparation.

The researchers used mouse models that mimic the disease characteristics of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis in humans to study the effect of triciribine, which inhibits production of a protein called Akt1.

When RNAi therapies weren't delivered to the right tissues, dangerous side effects showed up in humans that weren't predicted through animal models.

«By prescribing the effects of human - made climate change and observed global ocean temperatures, our model can reproduce the observed shifts in weather patterns and wildfire occurrences.»

But a new model indicates that Toba's climate effects were milder and abated quickly, suggesting that humans may have made it through the incident relatively unscathed.

Titled «Modeling Sustainability: Population, Inequality, Consumption, and Bidirectional Coupling of the Earth and Human Systems,» the paper describes how the rapid growth in resource use, land - use change, emissions, and pollution has made humanity the dominant driver of change in most of the Earth's natural systems, and how these changes, in turn, have critical feedback effects on humans with costly and serious consequences, including on human health and well - being, economic growth and development, and even human migration and societal confHuman Systems,» the paper describes how the rapid growth in resource use, land - use change, emissions, and pollution has made humanity the dominant driver of change in most of the Earth's natural systems, and how these changes, in turn, have critical feedback effects on humans with costly and serious consequences, including on human health and well - being, economic growth and development, and even human migration and societal confhuman health and well - being, economic growth and development, and even human migration and societal confhuman migration and societal conflict.

His symptoms may come closer to mimicking the human disease than most mouse models of mental illness, because the gene involved has such a powerful effect.

And while we successfully demonstrated that cardiolipin can improve the function of mitochondria in flies, mouse models and in human cells, we need to explore its effects in actual patients.»

Given that the investigators have previously shown the influence of the host molecular clock on the gut microbiota, they will also ask if taking this NSAID at different times of day might lead to higher efficacy and less side effects in animal models and eventually in humans.

«A simulation model to find out the effect of electromagnetic waves on the human body is developed.»

To determine the effect of gastric acid suppression on the progression of chronic liver disease, Schnabl's team looked at mouse models that mimic alcoholic liver disease, NAFLD and NASH in humans.

«If the mouse models are indicative of human disease, the combination therapy can increase the proportion of patients who respond to therapy without additional adverse side effects and can improve the quality of life for cancer patients.»

Laboratory mouse models are commonly used to study A-T; however, mice with A-T do not experience the more debilitating effects that humans do.

«If scientists want to test drugs for dementia, Alzheimer's or autism, ideal models would react similarly to humans in regards to the reduction of symptoms, outbreak of side effects, such as enduring the same lesions as humans do, or exhibiting similar behavioral characteristics,» said Latham, who's with the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources and an MSU AgBioResearch scientist.

The researchers suggest that modeling the effects of future climate variations should focus on human response to transient short - term changes in addition to the traditional focus on long - term mean changes in climate.

Classic theory, involving a one - sex (female) model of human demography, suggests that genes imparting deleterious effects on post-reproductive survival will accumulate.

«The development of this microfluidic lung model, as well as other organs - on - chip, holds the promise of improving the physiological relevance of cellular models for more accurate prediction of the effects of toxicants and drugs on humans, and for reducing the use of animals in medical and pharmaceutical research,» said Sonia Grego, Ph.D., research scientist at RTI and the project's principal investigator.

Researchers developed a computer model of a human heart to study whether certain drugs will help treat an abnormal heartbeat, or cause serious side effects

The same effect was seen in a mouse model of human brain cancer containing this gene fusion.

Dr. Sladek: We need more research on the health effects of soybean oil, both in mouse models that have the advantage of being able to rigorously control for all the various parameters, as well as in humans.

Human iPSC models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis capture distinct effects of TPP1 and CLN3 mutations on the endocytic pathway.

The paper itself is very statistical in nature, with various «selection models» applied to determine the demographic and selective effects on amino acid variation in the human genome.

Axel Timmermann and Tobias Friedrich constructed a numerical model that quantifies the effects of past climate and sea - level change on global human migration patterns over the past 125,000 years.

The HZI will also not only perform experiments to compare the predictive immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines between different model species and humans but will test comparative effects of adjuvants.

According to one study that looked at eight fuel aridity metrics in the Western U.S. and modeled climate change's effects on them, human - caused climate change accounted for about 55 percent of the observed increases in fuel aridity between 1979 and 2015 (Figure 6), and added an estimated 4.2 million hectares of forest fire area between 1984 and 2015.7 Based on all eight metrics, the Western U.S. experienced an average of 9 additional days per year of high fire potential due to climate change between 2000 and 2015, a 50 percent increase from the baseline of 17 days per year when looking back to 1979.

Research Project Grant (R01) applications proposing to conduct mechanistic studies in humans and animal models on alcohol - induced transgenerational effects and the role of epigenetic inheritance in these effects.

Dr. Parsons has provided similar insights into the mechanisms through which endocannabinoids modulate the rewarding effects of opiates, alcohol, and cocaine, and he is presently extending his evaluations of this stage of the addiction cycle to include animal models of commonly occurring genetic polymorphisms that are associated with problematic drug use and dependence in humans.

Consequently, in the past 20 years his research has evolved from an early focus on prioritizing the effects that humans have on coral reefs and the role that marine protected areas play in conserving biological diversity and ecological processes, to developing theoretical and simulation models of coral reefs that will help predict and suggest alternatives to reduce detrimental effects, to developing practical means to restore degraded reefs through manipulation of the food web and management.

Investigating the effects of preinduction on human adipose - derived precursor cells in an athymic rat model.

While the findings have only been seen in animals models so far, Zeng said that successful translation of the regimen into clinical application in humans may represent a novel approach that allows strong anti-cancer effects without causing GVHD.

Abstract: Models investigating the effects of climate change and human - led land - use change on biodiversity have arrived at alarming conclusions, with the worst case scenarios suggesting extinction rates at such a level as to constitute a sixth mass extinction event in the earth's history.