Sentences with phrase «models and observations during»

Curry's evidence to support that assertion boiled down to arguing of a supposed «lack of warming since 1998», discrepancies between models and observations during that time, a lower climate sensitivity range in the 2014 than the 2007 IPCC report, and the fact that Antarctic sea ice extent has increased.

According to IPCC AR5, the mismatch between models and observations during both 1984 - 1998 and 1998 - 2012 may be due to «internal decadal climate variability, which sometimes enhances and sometimes counteracts the long - term externally forced trend» (Chapter 9, p. 769).

There is medium confidence that the GMST trend difference between models and observations during 1998 — 2012 is to a substantial degree caused by internal variability, with possible contributions from forcing error and some CMIP5 models overestimating the response to increasing greenhouse - gas forcing.»

Not exact matches

They go on to suggest that «lowering levels of TNF may be an effective strategy in improving host defense against S. pneumoniae in older adults,» and that, «although it may be counterintuitive to limit inflammatory responses during a bacterial infection, [some existing] clinical observations and our animal model indicate that anti-bacterial strategies need to be tailored to the age of the host.»

Then they tested the model results using the comprehensive ground and aircraft measurements gathered during the 2006 Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations in Mexico City.

Professor of Economics and Research Chair in Energy, Ecology and Prosperity at the Frontier Centre for Public Policy Dr. Ross McKitrick discusses the wide disparities between the expected results of climate models and real - life observations, during an in - depth interview for The New Criterion by Ben Weingarten

The global increase in ocean heat content during the period 1993 to 2003 in two ocean models constrained by assimilating altimetric sea level and other observations (Carton et al., 2005; Köhl et al., 2006) is considerably larger than these observational estimates.

He was actively involved in the planning and execution of the forecasting / modeling component of the MILAGRO (Megacities Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) field campaign that was held in central Mexico during March 2006.

The synergy of high quality Keck observations and detailed theoretical modeling has solved cosmological problems that haunted particle physicists and astrophysicists during the last two decades.

The workshop, building on the knowledge and practical skills acquired during the school, aims to bring together expertise on large - scale atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, small scale cloud and precipitation processes, hierarchical climate modeling and observation.

This method tries to maximize using pure observations to find the temperature change and the forcing (you might need a model to constrain some of the forcings, but there's a lot of uncertainty about how the surface and atmospheric albedo changed during glacial times... a lot of studies only look at dust and not other aerosols, there is a lot of uncertainty about vegetation change, etc).

Based on our model, and our observations near greenhouses, it is probable that destructive pathogens have been spilling over into wild bee populations since the collapse of commercial B. occidentalis during the late 1990s, and this has contributed to the ongoing collapse of wild Bombus sensu stricto.

The studies of the solar system during the past several decades have proven that the understanding of our own planetary system can leap forward only with the combination of dynamical modeling and physical observations.

During visits to demonstration sites, district leadership will practice their observation skills, calibrate observations, observe model lessons, and observe data study.

In the global mean, there isn't much of an issue for the mid-troposphere — the models and data track each other when you expect they would (the long term trends or after volcanoes, and don't where you expect them not to, such as during La Niña / El Niño events which occur at different times in models and observations).

The GRACE observations over Antarctica suggest a near - zero change due to combined ice and solid earth mass redistribution; the magnitude of our GIA correction is substantially smaller than previous models have suggested and hence we produce a systematically lower estimate of ice mass change from GRACE data: we estimate that Antarctica has lost 69 ± 18 Gigatonnes per year (Gt / yr) into the oceans over 2002 - 2010 — equivalent to +0.19 mm / yr globally - averaged sea level change, or about 6 % of the sea - level change during that period.

Observations and model calculations together indicate that healing of the Antarctic ozone layer has now begun to occur during the month of September.

«The satellite observations suggest there is much more energy lost to space during and after warming than the climate models show,» Spencer said in a July 26 University of Alabama press release.

The global increase in ocean heat content during the period 1993 to 2003 in two ocean models constrained by assimilating altimetric sea level and other observations (Carton et al., 2005; Köhl et al., 2006) is considerably larger than these observational estimates.

Using observations and a coupled Earth system model, a new study shows that the decline of the Atlantic major hurricane frequency during 2005 — 2015 is associated with a weakening of the AMOC.

In - depth analysis reveals that the model's shallow cumulus convection scheme tends to significantly under - produce clouds during the times when shallow cumuli exist in the observations, while the deep convective and stratiform cloud schemes significantly over-produce low - level clouds throughout the day.

In a recent paper published in Nature Communications, using both observations and a coupled Earth system model (GFDL - ESM2G) with a more realistic simulation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) structure, and thus reduced mean state biases in the North Atlantic, the authors show that the decline of the Atlantic major hurricane frequency during 2005 — 2015 is associated with a weakening of the AMOC directly observed from the RAPID program.

Here a simple biologically and physically - based model of sapflow potential is used to assess observed changes in sapflow across the Northeastern US from 1980 to 2006; document the correspondence between these observations and independent downscaled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of conditions during this period; and quantify changes in sapflow potential through 2100.

with respect to «It is seen from the figure with both natural and human forcing that climate models simulations agree with observations very well during the period 1970 - 2000.»

Within present uncertainties, observations and models are both consistent with a lack of significant acceleration of sea level rise during the 20th century.

Observations and model simulations show that the Antarctic ozone hole caused much of the observed southward shift of the Southern Hemisphere middle latitude jet in the troposphere during summer since 1980.

For the 2009 SEARCH Sea Ice Outlook, regional perspectives on ice evolution during the summer had been solicited, both to synthesize relevant field observations and modeling activities and to encourage communication between different sea ice experts and user groups.

Methane plume over south Asia during the monsoon season: satellite observation and model simulation

A more definitive reconciliation of modeled and observed temperature changes awaits the extension and improvement of the observations and the algorithms used in processing them, better specification of the natural and human - induced climate forcings during this period, and improvement of the models used to simulate the atmospheric response to these forcings.break

Modelling studies are also in moderately good agreement with observations during the first half of the 20th century when both anthropogenic and natural forcings are considered, although assessments of which forcings are important differ, with some studies finding that solar forcing is more important (Meehl et al., 2004) while other studies find that volcanic forcing (Broccoli et al., 2003) or internal variability (Delworth and Knutson, 2000) could be more important.

So «fingerprint» studies which claim to find close correspondence between climate model projections and actual observations during the past 50 to 100 years are confused as to both causes and effects.

A comparison of tropical temperature trends with model predictions We examine tropospheric temperature trends of 67 runs from 22 «Climate of the 20th Century» model simulations and try to reconcile them with the best available updated observations (in the tropics during the satellite era).

The discrepancy between the model and the observation increase dramatically after 1998 as there has been no global near - surface warming during the last 16 years.

Dr. Jana Sillmann et al — IopScience — 18 June 2014 Observed and simulated temperature extremes during the recent warming hiatus «This regional inconsistency between models and observations might be a key to understanding the recent hiatus in global mean temperature warming.»

It is not because most climate scientists do not share your level of scepticism, and are probably more focused on the detailed observations of forcings during the climate model era (the last 30 - odd years).

Moreover there is little overlap between the periods used to estimate the TLC reflection — SST relationship from model simulations and observations, and there were three major volcanic eruptions during 1959 - 2005 but none during the 2000 - 2015 observational period.

The team — led by Dole, Hoerling, and Judith Perlwitz from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado in Boulder — sifted through long - term observations and results from 22 global climate models, looking for trends that might help explain the extraordinarily high temperatures in western Russia during the 2010 summer.

«Modelling studies are also in moderately good agreement with observations during the first half of the 20th century when both anthropogenic and natural forcings are considered, although assessments of which forcings are important differ, with some studies finding that solar forcing is more important (Meehl et al., 2004) while other studies find that volcanic forcing (Broccoli et al., 2003) or internal variability (Delworth and Knutson, 2000) could be more important... The mid-century cooling that the model simulates in some regions is also observed, and is caused in the model by regional negative surface forcing from organic and black carbon associated with biomass burning.

During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human - caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps.

None of these could have been caused by an increase in atmospheric CO2, Model projections of warming during recent decades have greatly exceeded what has been observed, The modelling community has openly acknowledged that the ability of existing models to simulate past climates is due to numerous arbitrary tuning adjustments, Observations show no statistically valid trends in flooding or drought, and no meaningful acceleration whatsoever of pre-existing long term sea level rise (about 6 inches per century) worldwide, Current carbon dioxide levels, around 400 parts per million are still very small compared to the averages over geological history, when thousands of parts per million prevailed, and when life flourished on land and in the oceans.

Recent attempts to evaluate climate model projections in CMIP5 during the early 21st century have shown striking discrepancies between model projections and observations.

Data for the implementation and impact studies will be collected from a variety of sources, including interviews with parents; observations of the home environment; observed interactions of parents and children; direct assessments of children's development; observations of home visitors in their work with families during home visits; logs, observations, and interviews with home visitors, supervisors, and program administrators; program model documentation from program developers, grantees, and local sites; and administrative data on child abuse, health care use, maternal health, birth outcomes, and employment and earnings.