It does NOT mean the simple
models are in error.
Indeed, the results do depend on the model used and, as pointed out by Cohn and Lins, 2005, simple models (like REML) do not capture the complexity of long - term persistence — that's why results based on the use of simple
models are in error.
The climate
models are in error from what they have left out rather from what they contain.
Can you state in clear terms that those of us from other fields can understand where the other
models are in error and why all the other modelers and all the skeptics are incorrect but you are correct?
It may be that one or more of these excuses are valid or it may simply be that
the models are in error.
If the predictions by the model do not agree with the measured data we know exactly which aspect of
the modeling is in error and we can adjust that single parameter with assurance that we can obtain the correct results solely by the actions of this single parameter.
Not exact matches
Musk acknowledged
error recently
in over-automating the
Model 3 assembly - line, which has resulted
in production delays, but it
is still unclear how long and costly it will
be to unwind this mistake.
Quantitative investing assumes that future performance of a security relative to other securities may
be predicted based on historical economic and financial factors, however, any
errors in a
model used might not
be detected until the fund has sustained a loss or reduced performance related to such
errors.
Since the average
error in a 2 - day forecast
is about 90 miles, it
is important to remember that the
models may still have additional shifts, and one must pay attention to the NHC cone of uncertainty.
It simply applies rational methods
in taking and analyzing data, following certain rules to assure that data
are as free from
error as possible, and checking the logic of our
models to make sure they
are self - consistent.
I too like the think of our existence
in a computer - type
model, and
being a programmer, I can tell you it
's neccessary to set the attributes of every possible interaction, as any unexpected collision will result
in a fatal
error.
Whether Piltdown Man or Brontosaurus, the
errors may
be later written off, but
in their times each
is respectively held up as an undeniable proof that the
model is both correct and sufficient.
Using the formula feeding baby as the
model of normal
is irrational and leads us to make
errors in advising mothers about feeding and growth.
The Root MSE tells us that the
models are on average 3 to 5 percentage points out on the change
in share of the council seats won, which
is a big average
error for a prediction
model when there
are thousands of seats up for election.
Also, since the rounding
errors in each district
are smaller, the
models a person engaged
in gerrymandering needs to use to intentionally create rounding
errors that
are in favor of the preferred party must
be both much more accurate and much more sophisticated to work properly.
Given wide margin of
error shown
in the range, my
model is essentially ambivalent as to whether the Liberal Democrats will
be net winers or losers of seats.
And yet it
was received into a strange political silence, as if it
were an administrative
error that needed correcting, rather than a systematic crisis of a financial
model within which greed, fantasy and recklessness had combined
in lethal combination.
This
is because clouds have more - complex microphysics than the open sky, so even small
errors in the
models can cascade into large uncertainties
in the forecast.
If that
were the case, it would suggest a systematic
error in the
models.
However, the gap between the calculated and measured warming
is not due to systematic
errors of the
models, as the skeptics had suspected, but because there
are always random fluctuations
in Earth's climate.
«The analytical methods used
in the original reports
were not the most appropriate for the task at hand, and this led to systematic
errors in the
modeling of sequence evolution,» Wörheide explains.
However, while they
are valuable tools
in a broad range of fields, predictive
models are still plagued by uncertainties, or
errors, and a great deal of effort
is directed at determining the extent and effects of these
errors.
The researchers
were able to
model that intuitive distinction as a statistical relationship between a mathematical
model of an object's motion and the «noise,» or
error,
in the visual signal.
When projects on the scale of a nuclear power station or THORP
are concerned, or the release of genetically modified organisms into the environment, to give another example, it
is not possible to
model them fully
in the laboratory using traditional trial - and -
error methodology.
«This
was an oversimplification that likely led to
errors in model predictions of how well crops and forests grow
in different times and places,» he said.
In addition, they estimate the impact of other sources of
error on the mRNA and protein abundance measurements using direct experimental data, and they find that, when
error is explicitly measured and
modeled, an even greater correlation between mRNA and protein
is expected.
A similar
model, allied with a bootstrapping exercise to quantify sampling
error,
was used to generate estimated Amazon - wide abundances of the 4962 valid species
in the data set.
The causes of the age differences at MIS 5
were proposed to occur from (i) an overestimation of the surface mass balance at around MIS 5d - 6
in the glaciological
model, and (ii) an
error in one of the age constraints by ~ 3 kyr at MIS 5b.
It
's difficult and time - consuming to produce accurate computer
models of molecules, primarily because traditional
modeling methods
are limited
in their ability to handle alternative molecular shapes and, consequently,
are subject to multiple
errors.
A new method developed by scientists on the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) takes another tack entirely, combining existing formulas
in a kind of algorithmic stew to gain a better picture of molecular structural diversity that
is then used to eliminate
errors and improve the final
model.
In summary the projections of the IPCC — Met office models and all the impact studies (especially the Stern report) which derive from them are based on specifically structurally flawed and inherently useless models.They deserve no place in any serious discussion of future climate trends and represent an enormous waste of time and money.As a basis for public policy their forecasts are grossly in error and therefore worse than useless.For further discussion and an estimate of the coming cooling see http://climatesense-norpag.blogspot.c
In summary the projections of the IPCC — Met office
models and all the impact studies (especially the Stern report) which derive from them
are based on specifically structurally flawed and inherently useless
models.They deserve no place
in any serious discussion of future climate trends and represent an enormous waste of time and money.As a basis for public policy their forecasts are grossly in error and therefore worse than useless.For further discussion and an estimate of the coming cooling see http://climatesense-norpag.blogspot.c
in any serious discussion of future climate trends and represent an enormous waste of time and money.As a basis for public policy their forecasts
are grossly
in error and therefore worse than useless.For further discussion and an estimate of the coming cooling see http://climatesense-norpag.blogspot.c
in error and therefore worse than useless.For further discussion and an estimate of the coming cooling see http://climatesense-norpag.blogspot.com
These two
errors nearly cancel each other out, and so it
is not obvious that the
models are in fact wrong.
He concludes: «The new analysis adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that these discrepancies
are most likely the result of inaccuracies
in the observed temperature record rather than fundamental
model errors.»
Analysis of simple
models and intercomparisons of AOGCM responses to idealised forcing scenarios suggest that, for most scenarios over the coming decades,
errors in large - scale temperature projections
are likely to increase
in proportion to the magnitude of the overall response.
The Soon - Monckton memo goes even further, claiming that they «have recently discovered and corrected a long - standing
error of physics
in the climate
models» that would shows any climate change due to human causes will
be «too small and slow to
be harmful and will prove beneficial.»
New emission factors
are taken into use,
errors in the calculations
are corrected, and other improvements
in the emission
model are implemented.
Based on
model experiments, it has
been suggested that
errors resulting from the highly inhomogeneous distribution of ocean observations
in space and time (see Appendix 5.
This could
be because of the structural deficiency of the
model, or because of
errors in the data, but the (hard to characterise) uncertainty
in the former
is not
being carried into final uncertainty estimate.
We find that this effect
is present
in all
model grids tested and that theoretical uncertainties
in the
models, correlated spectroscopic
errors, and shifts
in the asteroseismic mass scale
are insufficient to explain this effect.
However, satellite observations
are notably cooler
in the lower troposphere than predicted by climate
models, and the research team
in their paper acknowledge this, remarking: «One area of concern
is that on average... simulations underestimate the observed lower stratospheric cooling and overestimate tropospheric warming... These differences must
be due to some combination of
errors in model forcings,
model response
errors, residual observational inhomogeneities, and an unusual manifestation of natural internal variability
in the observations.»
The analysis ascribes that a large EF underestimate
is the dominant source of
error in all
models with a large positive temperature bias, whereas an EF overestimate compensates for an excess of absorbed shortwave radiation
in nearly all the
models with the smallest temperature bias.
We found that mutation accumulation
in organoids deficient
in the mismatch repair gene MLH1
is driven by replication
errors and accurately
models the mutation profiles observed
in mismatch repair - deficient colorectal cancers.
To Klein's credit, he eventually came to see the
errors of his ways, and
in his last years as chancellor he embraced the Core Knowledge program — a coherent, content - rich curriculum that
is a
model for what kids
in New York, and nationwide, need if they
are going to become strong readers.
Bar
modeling is a powerful pictorial technique that results
in one answer, deduced by using mathematical principles that students have learned rather than by employing the haphazard trial - and -
error method of Guess and Check.
Kevin Samuel, Business Development Manager at Y Soft says, «there
are many ways
in which project - based learning can
be explored and 3D printing, for example, encourages students to
be innovative and creative by adjusting their ideas through trial and
error when creating
models to support their projects.»
This
is why,
in our
modeling efforts, we do massive multivariate, longitudinal analyses
in order to exploit the covariance structure of student data over grades and subjects to dampen the
errors of measurement
in individual student test scores.
Mathematica, a research group that published a 2010 study warning about the use of value - added
modeling in high - stakes decisions because of high
error rates,
was paid more than $ 500,000 to design the value - added
model for the Washington, D.C. public schools, according to a DCPS spokesman.
Accordingly, and also per the research, this
is not getting much better
in that, as per the authors of this article as well as many other scholars, (1) «the variance
in value - added scores that can
be attributed to teacher performance rarely exceeds 10 percent; (2)
in many ways «gross» measurement
errors that
in many ways come, first, from the tests
being used to calculate value - added; (3) the restricted ranges
in teacher effectiveness scores also given these test scores and their limited stretch, and depth, and instructional insensitivity — this
was also at the heart of a recent post whereas
in what demonstrated that «the entire range from the 15th percentile of effectiveness to the 85th percentile of [teacher] effectiveness [using the EVAAS] cover [ed] approximately 3.5 raw score points [given the tests used to measure value - added];» (4) context or student, family, school, and community background effects that simply can not
be controlled for, or factored out; (5) especially at the classroom / teacher level when students
are not randomly assigned to classrooms (and teachers assigned to teach those classrooms)... although this will likely never happen for the sake of improving the sophistication and rigor of the value - added
model over students» «best interests.»
The intensive collaboration, he believes,
is what will cause his
model, while admittedly still
in a «trial - and -
error» phase, to ultimately surpass others.
In another study, the error rate was calculated to be 25 percent, based on three years of data, according to a 2010 study by Mathematica Policy Research — meaning the model would incorrectly rate 1 in 4 teacher
In another study, the
error rate
was calculated to
be 25 percent, based on three years of data, according to a 2010 study by Mathematica Policy Research — meaning the
model would incorrectly rate 1
in 4 teacher
in 4 teachers.