The work is significant because it lays the groundwork for the development of quantitative
models of animal development, enabling the use of mathematical tools more commonly associated with the physical sciences to be applied in biological studies.
Not exact matches
Although most
of these biosubstances have been identified in mother's milk in quantities that exceed maternal serum levels, their exact role in human newborns is uncertain; most current information is from
animal models whose
development may significantly differ.
In
animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal
development alters the expression
of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas
of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability
of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during
development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants
of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming
of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.
We do not cover
developments of interest only to specialists, such as new
animal models of a disease or the opening
of new science research centres.
«Chronic inflammation
of the intestine is thought to be caused by abnormal interactions between gut microbes, intestinal epithelial cells and the immune system, but so far it has been impossible to determine how each
of these factors contribute to the
development of intestinal bowel disease,» said Hyun Jung Kim, Ph.D., former Wyss Technology Development Fellow and first author on the study, speaking about the limitations of conventional in vitro and animal models of bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of the
development of intestinal bowel disease,» said Hyun Jung Kim, Ph.D., former Wyss Technology
Development Fellow and first author on the study, speaking about the limitations of conventional in vitro and animal models of bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of the
Development Fellow and first author on the study, speaking about the limitations
of conventional in vitro and
animal models of bacterial overgrowth and inflammation
of the intestines.
Understanding
of the
development of DPN is mostly obscure, partly due to the lack
of good
animal models available.
Previously,
animal models were all based on the early stage
of metabolic dysfunction in the liver, which has allowed the
development of good drugs for treating early - stage T2D.
«The project's goal is to accelerate the
development of technologies for mapping the brain's circuitry in
animal models, specifically in the marmoset monkey, whose neural circuits are much closer to human compared with rodent
models, and to connect the results to the diagnosis and treatment
of human neurological disorders and mental illness.»
Using
animal models of precancerous polyps in the bowel, Chung and his team determined that certain types
of immune cells within a chronically inflamed intestine can become rewired, causing them — paradoxically — to contribute to disease
development rather than protect against it.
The journal provides cutting - edge research including results from
animal models that are likely to apply to patients, studies in human tissue that provide new information about therapies or disease, and innovative reports
of drug discovery and
development.
A research team led by Timothy R. Nurkiewicz, Ph.D., associate professor in the WVU School
of Medicine Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology and researcher in the Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, is finding inhalation
of engineered nanomaterials negatively impacts gestational
development in
animal models.
Importantly, the
development of a new
animal model for Dravet syndrome based on reduced CHD2 expression might help to find effective treatments that could improve the lives
of thousands
of people suffering from Dravet syndrome and perhaps other genetic epilepsies.»
Instead, most researchers have relied on
animal models to learn more about the
development and function
of the pancreas.
To better determine the role
of specific chemoattractants in type III hypersensitivity, lead author Yoshishige Miyabe, MD, PhD, a research fellow in Luster's lab, used multiphoton intravital microscopy — an imaging technology pioneered for studies
of immune cell movements in living
animals by CIID investigator and co-author Thorsten Mempel, MD, PhD — to follow in real time the
development of IC - induced arthritis in a mouse
model of rheumatoid arthritis.
«With further
development, the new microendoscope could be used to image neuron activity in previously inaccessible parts
of the brain such as the visual cortex
of primate
animal models,» said Ohayon.
One intriguing
development is a potential
animal model for smallpox developed by virologist Peter Jahrling
of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute
of Infectious Diseases in Fort Detrick, Maryland, and his colleagues.
Working with an
animal model, the researchers found that a type
of cell present in the brain's primary processing area during early
development, long thought to form structural scaffolding with no role in transmitting sensory information, may conduct such signals after all.
Importantly, these devices also will open up new approaches to drug
development not possible with
animal models today, such as personalized medicines and
development of therapeutics for specific genetic subpopulations using chips created using cells from particular patients.»
The
development process often takes 15 to 20 years or more and requires virus cultivation,
animal model testing, product formulation, immunogenicity testing and years
of costly clinical trials.
The most important advancement in medicine in the last 25 years was the
development of genetic
modeling in
animals, enabling us to figure out how fundamental mechanisms
of physiology and disease work, such as in bone loss.
In past studies to develop a new
animal model for the brain events that support motor
development, neurophysiologist Martin Garwicz
of Lund University in Sweden and his colleagues discovered that the schedules by which ferrets and rats acquire various motor skills, such as crawling and walking, are strikingly similar to each other; the progress simply happens faster for rats.
Still, Angelika Schnieke from the Technical University
of Munich, Freising - Weihenstephan, in Germany says that she and her colleagues are trying to ensure they follow the
animal welfare principle
of minimizing
animal use through a European program to coordinate the
development of large
animal models.
«Although this is basic scientific research using
animal models, these studies are shedding light on the molecular mechanisms that control male fertility, and are helping us to better understand the causes
of many cases
of infertility and enabling new horizons to be opened up in the
development of therapeutic targets and strategies to combat it,» explained Dr Subirán.
The ministry «rejects that promising findings in basic research or preliminary results in
animal models be conveyed to society as if they already were the prelude to the
development of valid drugs.»
In a
development that could lead to a new generation
of drugs to precisely treat a range
of diseases, scientists from the Florida campus
of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have for the first time designed a drug candidate that decreases the growth
of tumor cells in
animal models in one
of the hardest to treat cancers — triple negative breast cancer.
Now, researchers from the Perelman School
of Medicine, University
of Pennsylvania have shown that when the enzyme key to cutting and pasting segments
of DNA hits so - called «off - target» spots on a chromosome, the
development of immune cells can lead to cancer in
animal models.
The decision follows recommendations from an NIH advisory panel that said in January that the agency should curb research on chimps and instead «emphasize the
development and refinement
of other approaches, especially alternative
animal models,» and move all but approximately 50
of the chimps to sanctuaries.
The search for better treatments for cystic fibrosis has accelerated sharply with the
development of a realistic
animal model for the disease.
By revealing skin sensitisation or an adverse reaction that may not be identified by use
of an
animal or computer
model, the assay can provide vital information which will allow a drug company to make informed decisions earlier saving significant
development costs.
Animal models and clinical trials have shown that antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs could not only reduce symptoms associated with the disorders but also prevent the appearance
of neurobiological abnormalities and transition to psychosis if given early during brain
development.
The
development of radiotracers like this could radically change drug
development, especially for neurological disorders, which are notoriously difficult to study in
animal models.
«We know from
animal models that there are critical periods during early
development when cells are rapidly dividing and forming the circuitry through which cells will communicate with each other to form various tissues
of the body,» said Retha Newbold, a reproductive biologist at the National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences in North Carolina.
«This is the first study to demonstrate that functional muscle cells can be created in a laboratory and restore dystrophin in
animal models of Duchenne using the human
development process as a guide.»
«This study shows how translational research using basic science techniques in
animal models can elucidate the underlying basis
of human emotions and reasons for mental disorders, thereby pointing the way for treatment
development,» says Jeffrey Lieberman, MD, Lawrence C. Kolb Professor and Chair
of Psychiatry at CUIMC.
No previous studies have investigated the direct effect
of sugar consumption on the
development of breast cancer using breast cancer
animal models or examined specific mechanisms, she added.
This is why studies carried out on
animal models can help us to understand the
development of the human embryo.
«The
development of this microfluidic lung
model, as well as other organs - on - chip, holds the promise
of improving the physiological relevance
of cellular
models for more accurate prediction
of the effects
of toxicants and drugs on humans, and for reducing the use
of animals in medical and pharmaceutical research,» said Sonia Grego, Ph.D., research scientist at RTI and the project's principal investigator.
Our finding
of similarity in clinical progression between human patients and Huntington's disease monkeys suggests monkeys could become a preclinical, large
animal model for the
development of new treatments.»
The cellular
model of the airway mucosa could provide insight into biological and pathophysiological effects that conventional cell cultures or
animal models do not capture, and help lead to the
development of new therapeutics.
For example resources that aid in the
development of animal models.
IDMIT will contribute 1) To the
development and validation
of assays based on flow cytometry and mass cytometry for the evaluation
of immune responses in humans and
animal models; these tools will be particularly relevant for the identification
of signatures
of vaccine efficacy; 2) To the
animal model platform, in particularly by providing access to NHP
models and to new technologies for in vivo imaging infections and host responses; 3) To networking activities, in particular by organising a workshop on in vivo imaging.
PBPK
modeling is used in pharmaceutical research and
development and in health risk assessment to predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
of a compound in humans and other
animal species.
All together INRA facilities power up (1) Research in multi-disciplinary domains through academic and industrial collaborations for the
development of large
animal models, therapeutics or new imaging devices, and (2) Training under several topics (biocontained experiments, introduction
of new imaging methods for large
animal models etc.), welcoming external teams which do not possess such an instrumental park for Transnational access.
Investigating mouse
models for biological for research The congress aims to promote the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) mouse lines, importance
of mouse phenotyping & clinical and drug discovery collaboration, to present progresses performed by IMPC with regards CRISPR editing genome, rare diseases, microbiota and ageing pipeline, as well as illustration
of examples
of scientific projects about «
Animal models for human diseases» and recent
developments in mouse
models phenotyping imaging.
The objective is to support innovative projects dedicated to the
development and the study
of rare disease
models using small
animals (mouse
model excepted) such as zebrafish, drosophila, nematode, rat and rabbit.
Arguably, the most economical and efficient strategy for
development of small molecules with regenerative medicine applications is to use non-mammalian
animal models for both target - and phenotype - based drug discovery.
Our scientists engage with you in the design and execution
of your preclinical drug
development program using our AAALAC approved
animal facilities, proprietary
animal models, and extensive capabilities.
Although further refinement and testing is needed, Dr. Burgess said the new techniques have the potential to speed the production
of many different types
of transgenic
animal models that will shed new light on human
development and disease.
My interest and expertise in immunotherapy started in early 1990s with
animal models of IL - 2 and IL - 15 cytokines and natural killer cell
development, continued with high dose IL - 2 studies and subsequently Phase I - III trials with both CTLA - 4 and PD1 / PDL -1 checkpoint inhibitors.
Swine and lamb
model for immunisation
of neonates (IRTA, SWR): The
development of immunity after the vaccination
of human and
animal neonates is hampered by the presence
of maternal antibodies and an underdeveloped / uneducated immune system.