Sentences with phrase «models of disease by»

We aim to develop a system that links gene discovery to signaling pathways and eventually to set up animal models of disease by manipulating genes of interest through mouse genetics.

My research goal is to improve a mouse model of this disease by introducing pro-inflammatory cues, and to experiment with a method of decreasing inflammation in the eye to test the idea that localized control of inflammation could help protect vision.

Not exact matches

Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that a reduction of added sugars or SSB intake would lower the prevalences of obesity and chronic disease that are related to excess body fat as has been modeled by several groups (11, 12).

Several of these programs have received national and international recognition, including designation as model programs by the American Psychological Association, the American Medical Association, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

When logistic models were stratified by the presence or absence of hypertensive disease, only maternal age older than 34 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.0 - 2.0), pregnancy - associated plasma protein - A of the 95th percentile or less (OR, 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.2 - 3.1), and alpha fetoprotein of the 95th percentile or greater (OR, 2.3; 95 % CI, 1.4 - 3.8) remained statistically significantly associated for abruption.In this large, population - based cohort study, abnormal maternal aneuploidy serum analyte levels were associated with placental abruption, regardless of the presence of hypertensive disease.

«In theory, we could model progression of the disease by reprogramming skin cells from patients at a range of ages, including before symptoms begin.

In the present study, the researchers have discovered a reason for reduced fertility in people with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1), which increases the risk of developing autoimmune disease (caused by the immune system attacking and damaging healthy cells) and which is often used as a model for autoimmune disease in general.

Researchers from Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM) Lisboa have created a chimera virus that allows the study of molecules to treat cancers caused by human herpes virus infection in mice models of disease.

A prevailing view of substance abuse, supported by both the National Institute on Drug Abuse and Alcoholics Anonymous, is the disease model of addiction.

«Chronic inflammation of the intestine is thought to be caused by abnormal interactions between gut microbes, intestinal epithelial cells and the immune system, but so far it has been impossible to determine how each of these factors contribute to the development of intestinal bowel disease,» said Hyun Jung Kim, Ph.D., former Wyss Technology Development Fellow and first author on the study, speaking about the limitations of conventional in vitro and animal models of bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of the intestines.

The study of these highly unusual but devastating prion diseases has to date been thwarted by a lack of animal models that faithfully mimic the disease processes in humans.

To study the pathogenesis of HIV - induced PNS disease, Jamie Dorsey, Research Technologist, and the research team led by Dr. Mankowski developed a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)- infected macaque model that closely reflects key peripheral nervous system (PNS) alterations seen in HIV patients with peripheral neuropathy.

By directly manipulating a portion of the prion protein - coding gene, Whitehead Institute researchers have created mouse models of two neurodegenerative diseases that are fatal in humans.

The researchers also showed that both types of spirochetes (syphilis's Treponema pallidum and Lyme disease's Borrelia burgdorferi) respond to changes in viscosity in a similar manner and can be explained by the same biophysical model.

«This research has broad impact, because by deepening our understanding of cell reprogramming we have the potential to improve disease modeling and the generation of better sources of patient - specific specialized cells suitable for replacement therapy,» said Plath.

Guo and his collaborators continue their studies by establishing additional mouse models of leukemia that have been transplanted with patient cells of relapsed and refractory disease.

Their mathematical model also predicted how the Disneyland outbreak helped push California back from the tipping point by making parents more afraid of the disease than the vaccine.

These techniques include: human tissue created by reprogramming cells from people with the relevant disease (dubbed «patient in a dish»); «body on a chip» devices, where human tissue samples on a silicon chip are linked by a circulating blood substitute; many computer modelling approaches, such as virtual organs, virtual patients and virtual clinical trials; and microdosing studies, where tiny doses of drugs given to volunteers allow scientists to study their metabolism in humans, safely and with unsurpassed accuracy.

A promising new avenue for treating hepatitis B has been reported by researchers at Hiroshima University who have developed a new animal model of the disease.

They had been working with a worm model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a severe form of the disease that strikes young boys and is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the dystrophin protein.

In the study, exosomes, which are generated by all cells and are naturally present in blood, were modified as «iExosomes,» capable of delivering small RNA to specifically target mutant KRAS, resulting in disease suppression and increased overall survival in mouse models.

Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine report that a single infusion of wildtype hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into a mouse model of Friedreich's ataxia (FA) measurably halted cellular damage caused by the degenerative disease.

«When the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research was first founded, we set up a model that would make biology more rational by understanding the molecular pathways of disease,» Elton says.

The NIH Roadmap Project should help by allowing them to compare models of disease with reference samples.

Another problem is that modeling studies, like this one, are inherently less powerful than other kinds of medical research: randomized clinical trials, the gold standard in medical research, in which patients are randomly assigned different treatments or no treatment; case - control studies, which compare patients who have a condition with those who do not; or cohort studies, which determine the risk of contracting a disease by studying a group of people with similar demographics.

So until recently, much of what scientists learned was gleaned by inference or from studying mouse models of the disease.

«Our models showed Hopi corn could grow well in the Ethiopian highlands where one of their staple foods, the Ethiopian banana, has been afflicted by emerging pests, disease and blasts of intense heat,» Bocinsky said.

«The new FOP model already has shed light on the disease process in FOP by showing that the mutated gene can affect different steps of bone formation,» Hsiao said.

Written by 25 authors, it described the collaboration between government, academic researchers, and disease advocacy groups that led to the ICV trial as a model of the teamwork that can speed drugs through early development, boosting their chances of being commercialized.

The prevention of dilated cardiomyopathy in a mouse model by feeding a high - fat diet signals an advance in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in heart disease and has implications for the future development of treatments for this condition.

In order to test their hypothesis in a model that more closely mimicked human disease, the researchers also tested the two drugs side - by - side on slices of tumors removed from patients during radical prostatectomy.

This human - agent model of disease dynamics can then be used to provide reproducible empirical analyses, yielding greater insights into the behavioural reactions and individual responses of people threatened by outbreaks of disease.

The prevalence model, developed by RTI for the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, illustrates some of issues the nation will face as diabetes rates increase and Americans live longer.

His laboratory already has shown that by inhibiting calcium channels in T - cells, they were able to prevent T - cell activation in animal models of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and colitis.

By studying how these genes cause defects in fly and mouse models, we can improve our insights into the mechanisms related to human disease,» said corresponding author and Dr. Hugo J. Bellen, professor of neuroscience and molecular and human genetics at Baylor College of Medicine and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

«If human organs on chips can be shown to be robust and consistently recapitulate complex human organ physiology and disease phenotypes in unrelated laboratories around the world, as suggested by early proof - of - concept studies, then we will see them progressively replace one animal model at a time.

To test whether fatty acid levels in the bloodstream was a cause or a consequence of disease, the researchers turned to a zebrafish model of Crohn's disease that had been developed by Stefan Oehlers, a post-doctoral fellow in David Tobin's group at Duke.

Mouse embryonic stem cells, reported in 1981 by Martin Evans, Matthew Kaufman, and Gail Martin, have allowed scientists to generate genetically customized strains of mice that have revolutionized studies of organismic development and immunity and have provided countless models of human disease.

Potential outbreaks of diseases such as Ebola and Lassa fever may be more accurately predicted thanks to a new mathematical model developed by researchers at the University of Cambridge.

Experiments in mouse models of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease) have demonstrated that Nrf2 - based neural protection is primarily conferred by astrocytes, but how neurons might alert astrocytes to stressful conditions is poorly understood.

However, in a few developing countries, model TB - control programmes supported by the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease may be limiting the spread of TB.

An international research team led by biochemists at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) reduced the sickling of red blood cells in a mouse model of the disease.

They show that this new formulation reduces the minimal curative dose in a disease model, based on infections in mice, by 100-fold and, most importantly, circumvents drug resistance in a cell line that is resistant as a result of mutations in the transporter that mediates drug uptake.

In the new study, Lee's team tested this idea in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by raising the levels of one of two forms of neuregulin - 1 in the hippocampus, an area of the brain responsible for learning and memory.

The study, published Feb. 16 in PLOS Biology, made use of a mutant zebrafish strain that models human Hirschsprung disease, which is caused by loss of the gut neurons that coordinate gut contractions.

Noting the potential of gene therapy to be a one - time treatment for rare and serious diseases that otherwise cost hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of dollars in chronic care over a lifetime, Stuart Orkin, MD, and co-author Philip Reilly, MD, JD, of Third Rock Ventures, seek to «catalyze the discussion» by suggesting several new models for valuing, pricing and developing gene therapy.

Now, the same groups have built more elaborate models that paint a detailed picture of how the British countryside was ravaged by the FMD virus, taking into account things such as the location of every farm, the estimated number of pigs, cattle, and sheep each farm contained, as well as exhaustive data about the spread of the disease and the culling process.

Using a genome - wide approach in a new dog model for copper toxicosis, a team of researchers led by Hille Fieten have now revealed that mutations in a copper transporter gene, ATP7A, can ameliorate symptoms of the disease.

The discovery was made by developing a mouse model of the disease that enabled researchers to track which of 15 genetic groups — or subclones — of myeloma cells spread beyond their initial site in the animals» hind legs.

To study the still unknown pathogenesis of the disease, the researchers developed a mouse model susceptible to the full range of infection by the human parasite.