Even when study is limited to family processes as influences, multivariate risk
models find support.9 - 12 For example, Cummings and Davies13 presented a framework for how multiple disruptions in child and family functioning and related contexts are supported as pertinent to associations between maternal depression and early child adjustment, including problematic parenting, marital conflict, children's exposure to parental depression, and related difficulties in family processes.10, 11 A particular focus
of this family process
model is identifying and distinguishing specific response processes in the child (e.g.,
emotional insecurity; specific
emotional, cognitive, behavioral or physiological responses) that, over time, account for normal development or the development
of psychopathology.10
Another risk factor
of paternal PPD could be the absence
of a good paternal
model: Barclay and Lupton evidenced that a lot
of new - fathers who lived
emotional difficult after childbirth had lived a sad childhood characterized by the absence (real o subjective)
of their father.62 In this way, these men did not know parenting competence and, when they became father, live fear,
insecurity, turmoil that could lead them to PPD.