Sentences with phrase «models under climate change»

In almost all IPCC models under climate change forcing, the ocean occupies a fixed geographical volume.

Not exact matches

The new proposed model could allow a better quantification of the impacts that will likely occur under changing climate and could be considered in future ocean resources and land use management.

Importantly, when modern climate models — the same as those used in the United Nations» recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports — were run under Eocene conditions, many could not replicate these ficlimate models — the same as those used in the United Nations» recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports — were run under Eocene conditions, many could not replicate these fiClimate Change reports — were run under Eocene conditions, many could not replicate these findings.

This enabled the team to estimate how temperature - related mortality rates will change under alternative scenarios of climate change, defined by the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for climate modelling and research inchange under alternative scenarios of climate change, defined by the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for climate modelling and research iclimate change, defined by the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for climate modelling and research inchange, defined by the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for climate modelling and research iClimate Change for climate modelling and research inChange for climate modelling and research iclimate modelling and research in 2014.

One positive finding of the ecological niche modelling study is that while the ranges of many species are expected to contract, much of the remaining suitable habitat for many species will be located within existing protected areas, and that the recent creation of new reserves such as Itombwe and Kabobo in the Democratic Republic of Congo, have greatly increased the protection of some species under threat by future climate change.

To better plan for potential effects due to climate change, scientists using the North American Breeding Bird Survey and Audubon Christmas Bird Count employed correlative distribution modeling, to assess geographic range shifts for nearly 600 North American bird species during both the breeding and non-breeding seasons under a range of future climate change scenarios through the end of the century.

Using sophisticated atmospheric and climate models, the researchers estimated the levels of PM2.5 directly attributable to wildfires during a recent six - year period, 2004 to 2009, as well as under projected future climate change conditions (2046 - 2051).

For the study «Doubling of coastal erosion under rising sea level by mid-century in Hawaiʻi,» published this week in Natural Hazards, the research team developed a simple model to assess future erosion hazards under higher sea levels — taking into account historical changes of Hawaiʻi shorelines and the projected acceleration of sea level rise reported from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

To reach these conclusions, the researchers used simulations from five state - of - the - art climate models to investigate how the characteristics of ARs may change under future climate change scenarios.

«Regional changes are mostly due to natural variability but on top of that we see this pronounced overall weakening in summer storm activity,» says co-author Dim Coumou, «This is also something projected by climate models under future emission scenarios.

Most current models of forests under climate change can not predict when or where forests might die from temperature and drought stress.

This is the conclusion of a report that reviews the results obtained from the implementation of the forest simulation model GOTILWA +, a tool to simulate forest growth processes under several environmental conditions and to optimize Mediterranean forests management strategies in the context of climate change.

The model enables to explore the effects of climate change on forestry ecosystems under changed environmental conditions and to simulate different management scenarios and compare them.

To get a sense for how this probability, or risk of such a storm, will change in the future, he performed the same analysis, this time embedding the hurricane model within six global climate models, and running each model from the years 2081 to 2100, under a future scenario in which the world's climate changes as a result of unmitigated growth of greenhouse gas emissions.

Their model simulates watershed rainfall under various climate change scenarios that reflect differences in the degree of wetness or storminess.

Combining the STORM model with analysis of the rainfall data set allowed the investigators to gain insights into decadal trends in monsoonal rainfall intensity under climate change.

They also used data on precipitation in Colombia from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to model changes under different temperature and precipitation scenarios.

Such offices shall engage in cooperative research, development, and demonstration projects with the academic community, State Climate Offices, Regional Climate Offices, and other users and stakeholders on climate products, technologies, models, and other tools to improve understanding and forecasting of regional and local climate variability and change and the effects on economic activities, natural resources, and water availability, and other effects on communities, to facilitate development of regional and local adaptation plans to respond to climate variability and change, and any other needed research identified by the Under Secretary or the Advisory ComClimate Offices, Regional Climate Offices, and other users and stakeholders on climate products, technologies, models, and other tools to improve understanding and forecasting of regional and local climate variability and change and the effects on economic activities, natural resources, and water availability, and other effects on communities, to facilitate development of regional and local adaptation plans to respond to climate variability and change, and any other needed research identified by the Under Secretary or the Advisory ComClimate Offices, and other users and stakeholders on climate products, technologies, models, and other tools to improve understanding and forecasting of regional and local climate variability and change and the effects on economic activities, natural resources, and water availability, and other effects on communities, to facilitate development of regional and local adaptation plans to respond to climate variability and change, and any other needed research identified by the Under Secretary or the Advisory Comclimate products, technologies, models, and other tools to improve understanding and forecasting of regional and local climate variability and change and the effects on economic activities, natural resources, and water availability, and other effects on communities, to facilitate development of regional and local adaptation plans to respond to climate variability and change, and any other needed research identified by the Under Secretary or the Advisory Comclimate variability and change and the effects on economic activities, natural resources, and water availability, and other effects on communities, to facilitate development of regional and local adaptation plans to respond to climate variability and change, and any other needed research identified by the Under Secretary or the Advisory Comclimate variability and change, and any other needed research identified by the Under Secretary or the Advisory Committee.

To investigate if this would affect social recognition in fish, schools were kept under elevated levels of carbon dioxide, similar to those projected for 2100 by models produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Using the National Computational Infrastructure supercomputer at ANU to run climate models, the researchers explored when new normal states would appear under the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change's four emissions paclimate models, the researchers explored when new normal states would appear under the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change's four emissions paClimate Change's four emissions pathways.

«Global and regional health effects of future food production under climate change: a modelling study» by Marco Springmann et al. published in The Lancet on Wednesday 2 March.

Global climate modeling: While global climate models generally agree on historic emissions, current results vary widely under future climate change conditions.

Finally, due to the mechanistic nature of the climate forcing models, we project historical and future nesting trajectories based on available climate data and under different climate change scenarios.

The Met Office Hadley Centre (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thClimate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thclimate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanModel, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than B1).

Model performance in reproducing the observed seasonal cycle of land snow cover may provide an indirect evaluation of the simulated snow - albedo feedback under climate change.

The study examines permafrost carbon emissions in various climate models and under different scenarios, finding that the extra boost to warming from thawing permafrost could be 0.2 - 12 % of the change in global mean temperature.

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Under the bonnet, the car is motivated by a turbocharged 2.0 litre TFSI four - cylinder petrol engine with 286 hp and 380 Nm of torque between 1,800 to 5,200 rpm — the slight drop in power over the Euro - spec models can be attributed to the changes made to adapt said mill to our fuel quality and climate.

As a check of this, one could comparing the climate model simulations of temperature change using the historical forcing runs with the temperature change produced by the same models under CO2 - only forcing runs * at times of equivalent total forcing change *.

In the rekognition of the uncertainties, the IPCC Good - Practice - Guidance - Paper on using climate model results offers some wise advice (first bullet point under section 3.5 on p. 10): the local climate change scenarios should be based on (i) historical change, (ii) process change (e.g. changes in the driving circulation), (iii) global climate change projected by GCMs, and (iv) downscaled projected change.

Using a recently developed hurricane synthesizer driven by large - scale meteorological variables derived from global climate models, 1000 artificial 100 - yr time series of Atlantic hurricanes that make landfall along the U.S. Gulf and East Coasts are generated for four climate models and for current climate conditions as well as for the warmer climate of 100 yr hence under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions scenarclimate models, 1000 artificial 100 - yr time series of Atlantic hurricanes that make landfall along the U.S. Gulf and East Coasts are generated for four climate models and for current climate conditions as well as for the warmer climate of 100 yr hence under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions scenarclimate models and for current climate conditions as well as for the warmer climate of 100 yr hence under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions scenarclimate conditions as well as for the warmer climate of 100 yr hence under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions scenarclimate of 100 yr hence under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions scenarClimate Change (IPCC) emissions scenario A1b.

Ruiz Estrada M A (2013) «Economic Vulnerability under the Global Climate Changes Evaluation Model (GCCE - Model): The Case of China.»

In March 2009, Michaels, under the auspices of the Cato Institute, circulated a draft advertisement that stated: «Surface temperature changes over the past century have been episodic and modest and there has been no net global warming for over a decade now... The computer models forecasting rapid temperature change abjectly fail to explain recent climate behavior.»

Most models evaluate the remaining habitat for a species under climate change.

Predictive models that can forecast biodiversity decline under anthropogenic climate change used to be too simplistic, as these ignored crucial biological mechanisms such as demography, dispersal, evolution, and species interactions (for instance species competition and ecosystem dependence).

Figure A shows the temperature change under such a «business - as - usual» emissions scenario in a simple climate model.

For the study, the researchers used a set of 10 global climate models to simulate future changes in wind power under a high future emissions scenario (known as RCP8.5) and a moderate emissions scenario (known as RCP4.5).

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A recent meta - analysis published in the journal Nature Climate Change, by Challinor et al. (2014) examines 1,722 crop model simulations, run using global climate model output under several emissions scenarios, to evaluate the potential effects of climate change and adaptation on cropClimate Change, by Challinor et al. (2014) examines 1,722 crop model simulations, run using global climate model output under several emissions scenarios, to evaluate the potential effects of climate change and adaptation on crop Change, by Challinor et al. (2014) examines 1,722 crop model simulations, run using global climate model output under several emissions scenarios, to evaluate the potential effects of climate change and adaptation on cropclimate model output under several emissions scenarios, to evaluate the potential effects of climate change and adaptation on cropclimate change and adaptation on crop change and adaptation on crop yield.

Whether ocean circulation models... neither explicitly accounting for the energy input into the system nor providing for spatial variability in the mixing, have any physical relevance under changed climate conditions is at issue.»

Other recent assessments using the FAO / IIASA Agro-Ecological Zones model (AEZ) in conjunction with IIASA's world food system or Basic Linked System (BSL), as well as climate variables from five different GCMs under four SRES emissions scenarios, show further agricultural impacts such as changes in agricultural potential by the 2080s (Fischer et al., 2005).

The FAR used simple global climate models to estimate changes in the global mean surface air temperature under various CO2 emissions scenarios.

We then apply these models to project changes in endemic species» range sizes, distribution and diversity under future climate scenarios.

Our models yield projections of future diversity under a range of climate change scenarios (Fig. 1, C through J).

Using a model developed from previous work we performed climate change scenarios, generating synthetic temperature and GDD distributions under a hypothetically increasing NAO.

Model projections for precipitation changes are less certain than those for temperature.12, 2 Under a higher emissions scenario (A2), global climate models (GCMs) project average winter and spring precipitation by late this century (2071 - 2099) to increase 10 % to 20 % relative to 1971 - 2000, while changes in summer and fall are not expected to be larger than natural variations.

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While it is impossible to attribute any single storm to anthropgenic climate change, sophisticated new models can be used estimate potential losses from coastal storms under a range of climate change scenarios.

Here we apply such a method using near surface air temperature observations over the 1851 — 2010 period, historical simulations of the response to changing greenhouse gases, aerosols and natural forcings, and simulations of future climate change under the Representative Concentration Pathways from the second generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2).

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