And these interpretations have been justifiably criticized as simplistic and naive
by modern biologists and physicists.
Again, to speak of another criticism
which modern biologists often make of Bergson, I think that we are not to take his formulation of élan vital simply as a statement of a vital principle to explain the history of life, as George Gaylord Simpson seems to assume.
They assumed that the first chapter of Genesis gave the biblical answer to the same questions as those which
occupied modern biologists and geologists, an answer not acceptable to the scientific mind.
«The discovery of green fluorescent protein in a hydrozoan jellyfish in the 1960s has provided a revolutionary tool
for modern biologists, transforming our study of everything from the AIDS virus to the workings of the brain,» Gruber said.
Seals, walrus and polar bears are much more flexible and resilent to changes in habitat conditions than
most modern biologists give them credit for and consequently, it will be fascinating to see how the ice will change over the coming months and how the animals will respond.
Margulis came to view symbiosis as the central force behind the evolution of new species, an idea that has been dismissed
by modern biologists.
If
the modern biologist chooses to ignore this indubitable correlation, I have no objection.
Because biological phenomena are so easily understood teleologically,
modern biologists have been particularly determined to exclude purposes of any kind from the nature they study.
To
modern biologists, a structure as big and as odd as the spermaceti organ cries out for an evolutionary explanation, and marine mammalogists have argued for years over its function.
But
some modern biologists feel that evolution would indeed grind to a halt in the absence of environmental change — especially climatic change.