It was shown that through the separation of the two pure
modes of perception by the stilling of symbolic reference, Aurobindo's experience of Nirvana could be explained.
Not exact matches
Ivor Leclerc, without doubt one
of Whitehead's finest interpreters, allowed his interpretation to be guided
by Whitehead's questionable classification
of physical prehensions as a
mode of perception.
Since a given actual entity is causally affected
by every other actual entity In its past, this theory would tend to support my original «detailed» interpretation
of CE in IWTP, according to which Whitehead is committed to a theory
of perception in the
mode of CE which yields very specific knowledge
of causes.
In the night, in the jungle, visual and discrete
modes of perception are replaced
by the tactile, the visceral, and the more synesthetic forms
of cognizance.
This would make
perception of X in the
mode of CE essentially identical to being causally affected
by X.
His introduction
of causal efficacy as a
mode of perception is designed to overcome this schism, what he refers to as the «bifurcation
of nature» introduced into philosophy
by the dualism
of Descartes and Locke.
The knowledge
of causality may be grounded in experience only
by paying attention to the
mode of experience in which causality is the principle constituent; but it is precisely this
mode of perception that both Hume and Kant ignore.
Rather, it is a projection
by a percipient subject onto a (fictitious) contemporaneous spatiotemporal manifold
of certain highly refined and analyzed features
of entities directly (but more vaguely and dimly) encountered in the percipient's immediate past through the
mode of causal efficacy.8 The important distinction between true
perception — what we might now in Rortyan jargon call nonmentalistic «unanalyzed raw feels» — and this second - order symbolic projection
of select percepta characteristic only
of higher - order conscious organisms is somewhat blurred
by terming both equally «
modes of perception.»
Whitehead tries to avoid radical bifurcation
by introducing a second
mode of perception, CE, which discriminates the same sorts
of entities (events, sensa, geometrical objects) in the same total field as PI (S 8, 30, 49, 53; PR 255 - 59).
He seems to indicate not only that it presents a vague sense
of activities and dynamic relations in nature, but that it also discloses in considerable detail the causal mechanism
by which the
perceptions in the
mode of presentational immediacy were produced.
If this were all Whitehead meant
by perception in the
mode of causal efficacy, he would merely be describing a commonplace experience
of which we are all aware, and his doctrine would be philosophically innocuous; in fact it would not be able to sustain the weight
of the philosophical edifice he builds upon it.
Both «symbolic reference» and «propositional feelings» have receptive and imaginative aspects; but, whereas Whitehead emphasized the former, cognitive aspect in his discussion
of «symbolic reference,» as a rebuttal to Hume and Kant, he emphasized the latter, creative aspect in his discussion
of «propositions,» an emphasis needed to counter «the interest in logic, dominating over-intellectualized philosophers,» among whom «aesthetic delight» is eclipsed
by «judgment» (cf. PR 184 - 86 and WH 33) In «symbolic reference» a dim, but indirect,
mode of perception («causal efficacy») is combined with a clear, but indirect,
mode of perception («presentational immediacy»), which produces a sense
of the external world.
First, he distinguishes from classical empiricism a revisionary description
of experience according to which sense
perception is neither the only nor even the primary
mode of experience, but is rather derived from a still more elemental awareness both
of ourselves and
of the world around us» (PP 78).6 On Ogden's analysis, both the classical and this first type
of revisionary empiricism «assume that the sole realities present in our experience, and therefore the only objects
of our certain knowledge, are ourselves and the other creatures that constitute the world» (PP 79) 7 With these «two more conventional types
of empiricism» he contrasts a «comprehensive» type
of revisionary empiricism distinguished from them
by its consideration
of the possibility (and then also
by its claim) that the internal awareness it asserts together with the former revisionary type is «the awareness not merely
of ourselves, and
of our fellow creatures, but also
of the infinite whole in which we are all included as somehow one» (PP 87, 80, 85).
In ordinary experience the pure
modes of perception rarely occur in isolation; they are normally «unified
by a blind symbolic reference» (PR 180 / 273).
The phenomenon
of subception discussed
by Rogers and selective inattention reported
by H. S. Sullivan demonstrate that it is possible for the organism as a whole to conform to or experience events that the higher conscious processes will fail to detect.23 Hence, the inhibiting and habit - ridden structures
of consciousness are transcended
by perception in the adverbial
mode.
The first pole (called «
perception in the
mode of causal efficacy»
by Whitehead) we shall refer to simply as «primary
perception».
5Actually, it is the «presented locus» that is defined
by perception in the
mode of presentational immediacy (PR 195f, 492), and Whitehead notes in several places that in keeping with the results
of physical science the presented duration and the presented locus are not to be identified (PR 192 - 96, 492f).
Because each occasion actively appropriates its past (in a manner determined also
by the way in which it receives novel possibilities into its experience) 1 it is, in a sense, self - caused, a causa sui.13 There is no absolute passivity in this fundamental
mode of perception and causation.
By ignoring direct
perceptions in the
mode of causal efficacy, we reduce the world experienced to aspects which are immediately presented to the senses and to what we judge to be the possessor
of those characteristics.
Whitehead's broadening
of direct experience to include
perceptions in the
mode of causal efficacy provides an interesting twist to this opinion when it is examined in the philosophical context provided
by his theory
of perception.
While emotions are actions accompanied
by ideas and certain
modes of thinking, emotional feelings are mostly
perceptions of what our bodies do during the emoting, along with
perceptions of our state
of mind during that same period
of time.
This observation could indicate a compensatory role
of visual processing in autism during speech
perception, as supported
by the observation that subjects with ASD extensively explore the mouth region in face - to - face situations (Klin et al., 2002), and use specific attention
modes to enhanced local visual processing (Schwarzkopf et al., 2014).
Tomás Saraceno's Trace G64 B213 and Cumulus Filaments similarly navigate forms inspired
by nature, such as clouds and spider webs, to imagine new spatial relationships, architectures and
modes of perception.
Through her work, she explores various
modes of representation, driven
by her observation
of the world and her interest in
perception.
Spanning 1962 - 2002, 25 exhibitions that have contributed to shifts in
modes of perception, presentation and the practice
of art have been selected for investigation, from Dylaby at the Stedelijk Museum in 1962, featuring work
by Robert Rauschenberg, Niki de Saint Phalle and others, to Documenta 11 in 2002, curated
by Okwui Enwezor and a team
of co-curators.
Since Gallery 2's program is committed to encouraging alternative
modes for understanding new and historical material through filters that may alter our
perception, Andrea Rosen Gallery is delighted to announce a complex new group exhibition that juxtaposes Rottenberg's sculptures with the evocative surfaces
of works
by Lynda Benglis, Sean Bluechel, Jean Dubuffet, and mid-century ceramicist Axel Salto.
Sturtevant focuses on the ubiquity
of images which surround us day in, day out and affect our
perception of reality, presents stereotypes, and takes a sharp and critical look at a lethargic society which is increasingly encompassed
by a digitally shaped surface and moulded
by the experience industry: «What is currently compelling is our pervasive cybernetic
mode, which plunks copyright into mythology, makes origins a romantic notion, and pushes creativity outside the self.
By concentrating on black and white they encourage the viewer to take a fresh perspective on existing patterns
of perception and artistic
modes of presentation.