Even after accounting for
modest differences in diet, physical activity, smoking and other lifestyle factors, the association between skipping breakfast (or eating very late at night) and coronary heart disease persisted.
Average long - term weight gain
in nonobese populations is gradual —
in the cohorts we studied, about 0.8 lb per year — but accumulated over time, even
modest increases
in weight have implications for long - term adiposity - related metabolic dysfunction, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.21 - 24 Whereas weight changes associated with any single lifestyle factor were relatively
modest in our three cohorts,
in the aggregate, changes
in diet and physical activity accounted for large
differences in weight gain.
It appears that substantial
differences in proportions of dietary macronutrients play only a
modest role
in weight loss success, and that success is possible on any of these
diets provided there is adequate adherence.