Sentences with phrase «moment arm length»

Several studies have reported data for the muscle moment arm length of the gluteus maximus in relation to other muscles in the sagittal plane.

In contrast, Ackland (2008) showed that the middle deltoid displays a peak moment arm length of 12.2 mm at 120 degrees (arms over head), and a minimum moment arm length of zero at 2.5 degrees.

Ackland et al. (2008) reported the middle deltoid moment arm length peaked at 120 degrees which is in discordance with the two studies (Keuchle et al., 1997; Liu et al., 1997).

While the posterior deltoid displayed a peak moment arm length of approximately 30.0 mm at 50 degrees of adduction (arms pointing outwards diagonally), and a minimum moment arm length approaching zero at both full range adduction and abduction.

This value is similar to those reported by Blemker and Delp (2005) who built a three - dimensional musculoskeletal model and found that the moment arm length of the gluteus maximus ranged between 1.5 — 6.5 cm, with a median value of around 4 cm.

The anterior deltoid displays a moment arm length that peaks at 120 degrees (length = 39.3 mm), while the lowest moment arm is displayed at 2.5 degrees (length = 2.1 mm).

Németh & Ohlsén (1984) performed a study of 10 cadavers and 20 live subjects, and reported that the hip extension moment arm length of the gluteus maximus moment arm of gluteus maximus decreased substantially from around 8 cm to 3 cm with increasing hip flexion angle, making the gluteus maximus far more effective as a hip extensor in full hip extension, than in full hip flexion.

Between 100 — 60 degrees of shoulder flexion the moment arm length increases linearly approximately -5.0 mm to -10.0 mm.

In contrast, the posterior deltoid displays an average extensor muscle moment arm length of -0.17 mm, indicating that it probably functions differently than the anterior and middle deltoids.

The posterior deltoid displays a peak adductor moment arm length of -15.9 mm at 5 degrees (arms by side), while the lowest moment arm length was 2.0 mm at 120 degrees (arms above head).

They report that the moment arm length changed between 100 and 40 degrees of shoulder abduction from approximately -30.0 to -43.0 mm.

In other words, the moment arm length increases as the arm moves from overhead and towards the hips.

Between 35 and 0 degrees the moment arm length appears to decrease linearly until reaching approximately 12.0 mm at 0 degrees of flexion.

Knee external moment arm length is not affected by training status.

Ackland et al. (2008) reported that the peak moment arm length of the latissimus dorsi was displayed in a wide range between 10 — 71 degrees of shoulder flexion depending on the muscle region measured.

As described above, the inferior fibers of the latissimus dorsi muscle display a peak moment arm length at 71 degrees of shoulder abduction of -38.1 mm and a minimum moment arm length at 10 degrees of -3.3 mm.

There is no difference in lumbosacral external moment arm length between the hexagonal barbell and straight barbell deadlifts.

They noted that this was likely because of the non-significantly greater external hip moment arm length in the straight bar deadlift compared to the hexagonal bar deadlift (21.4 cm vs. 14.5 cm).

The peak moment arm length of the latissimus dorsi muscle overall ranges between -21.1 to -45.0 mm depending on what region of the muscle is being measured and the joint angle.

The moment arm length increases between 120 degrees and 60 degrees of shoulder flexion.

The superior fibers of the latissimus dorsi displayed a peak moment arm length of 22.1 mm at 45 degrees of shoulder flexion (midway below horizontal) and a minimum moment arm length of -0.1 mm at 120 degrees (arms above the head).

However, knee external moment arm length is more positive (so a greater knee extensor moment is needed) in the hexagonal barbell compared to the straight barbell, and in the sumo style compared to the conventional deadlift style.

The moment arm length increases between 0 degrees and 70 degrees of shoulder abduction.

The moment arm length rises quickly as the shoulder moves from zero degrees (arms by side) to 30 degrees adduction where it starts to plateau, reaching its peak at 40 degrees and starting to tail off at 60 degrees.

The knee external moment arm length was negative in the straight bar deadlift (i.e. it requires a knee flexion moment arm from the muscle to counter it) but positive in the hexagonal bar deadlift (i.e. it requires a knee extension moment from the musculature to counter it)-LRB--8.4 cm vs. +1.9 cm).

The middle deltoid displays a large moment arm length which plateaus between 60 degrees to 120 degrees (arms above head).

The superior fibers of the latissimus dorsi appear to display a peak moment arm length of -31.5 mm at 71 degrees (arms slightly below horizontal) and a minimum moment arm length of -7.8 mm at 10 degrees (arms close to the sides).

Keuchle et al. (1997) reported the change in moment arm length from 90 degrees of abduction (arms horizontal) to 55 degrees of abduction (arms pointing down).

They reported that the moment arm length is unchanged between 90 — 55 degrees of shoulder abduction, displaying a moment arm length of approximately -38.0 to -40.0 mm.

In both groups, the external moment arm length was positive (i.e. it requires a knee extension moment from the musculature to counter it).

Therefore, the superior fibers display the largest moment arm length of the latissimus dorsi, while the middle fibers display the smallest.

Keuchle et al. (1997) reports the change in moment arm length with the change in shoulder flexion range of motion.

The anterior deltoid seems to provide the largest moment arm during horizontal adduction (bringing the hands together), while the posterior deltoid provides the largest moment arm length during horizontal abduction (moving the hands away from one another).

A small plateau between 65 and 75 exists where the peak moment arm length lies.

While the anterior deltoid displays a peak moment arm length greater than the middle deltoid, Keuchle et al (1997) reported that the average moment arm length to be 23.4 mm compared to 16.5 mm, indicating the greater contribution of the middle deltoid moment arm length throughout the full range of motion.

They showed that the moment arm length increases from 10 degrees to 60 degrees where it seems to plateau.

Between 75 and 120 degrees the moment arm length appears to decrease linearly until reaching approximately -15.0 mm at 120 degrees of abduction (arms overhead).

However, it does seem likely that the anterior deltoid moment arm length increases with shoulder flexion and peaks as the arm approaches or passes parallel.

The posterior deltoid displays a shoulder extension peak moment arm length at 30 degrees (length = -33.0 mm), while its lowest moment arm length is displayed at 120 degrees (length = -16.3 mm).

The moment arm length displays a plateau region between 120 and 80 degrees measuring less than -5 mm.

Between 70 and 120 degrees of abduction the moment arm length linearly decreases before reaching a moment arm length of -20.0 mm.

They reported that the moment arm length linearly increases between 120 degrees and between 80 — 60 degrees, where a shorter plateau is displayed, before a linear decrease in moment arm length as the shoulder moves towards 0 degrees of shoulder abduction.

The inferior fibers displayed a peak moment arm length of 38.1 mm at a shoulder flexion angle of 71 degrees, while the minimum moment arm length was -3.3 mm at 10 degrees.

While the anterior deltoid has only the fourth largest peak moment arm length during shoulder flexion, the clavicular pectoralis major and posterior and anterior subscapularis have maximum moment arms lengths at moderate (71 degrees) and small (2.5 degrees) shoulder positions respectively.

Comparing the effects of barbell type, Swinton et al. (2011a) found that there was a difference in knee external moment arm length in the straight bar deadlift compared to the hexagonal bar deadlift.

In contrast, Ackland et al. (2008) showed that the posterior deltoid displayed a peak shoulder extension moment arm length of -33.0 mm at 30 degrees of flexion (arm pointing down), indicating that it likely acts as a primary shoulder extensor, second to the teres major while the arm is close to the body.

Thus the moment arm length of the deltoid is approximately zero and therefore, do not assist in rotation of the arm in the shoulder joint (glenoid fossa).

The moment arm length appears to resemble a shallow bell - curve with the peak moment arm at mid-range between -60 degrees external rotation and 80 degrees of internal rotation.

They reported that the hip extension moment arm length of the gluteus maximus was around 8 cm and was greater than that of the other hip extensors (adductor magnus and hamstrings).

There was a greater ankle external moment arm length in the sumo deadlift style compared to the conventional deadlift style -LRB--18.2 cm vs. +4.2 cm [Escamilla et al. 2000]; -4.3 cm vs. +6.1 cm [Escamilla et al. 2001]-RRB-.