Delp et al. (1999) measured the muscle
moment arms of 6 different compartments of the gluteus maximus at several different hip flexion angles (0, 20, 45, 60, and 90 degrees) in 4 cadavers.
On the other hand, the gracilis and obturator externus display much smaller, less substantial muscle
moment arms of -1.3 cm and -0.7 cm, respectively.
Dostal et al. (1986) reported muscle
moment arms of 7.1 cm, 7.6 cm, and 7.1 cm for the adductor longus, adductor brevis, and gracilis, respectively.
Dostal et al. (1986) reported muscle
moment arms of -4.1 cm, -2.1 cm, and -3.6 cm for the adductor longus, adductor brevis and pectineus, respectively.
In contrast, the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major provides one of the largest shoulder adduction
moment arms of the upper body musculature.
The length of
the moment arms of each muscle also changes depending upon the joint angle.
Exactly how the hip extension muscle
moment arms of the hamstrings compare with those of the other hip extensors is actually still fairly unclear.
The purpose of this section is to detail the muscle
moment arms of the pectoralis major muscle in each of the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes, and to explain how they change with changing joint angles.
This purpose of this section is to provide a summary of the muscle
moment arms of the biceps muscle in each of the main planes of movement.
This purpose of this section is to provide a summary of the muscle
moment arms of the calf muscles in each of the main planes of movement.
In contrast,
the moment arm of the short and long head at zero degrees of supination (neutral) were approximately 9 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively.
Murray et al. (1995) found that
the moment arm of the biceps appears to peak (length = 38 mm) at 90 degrees of elbow flexion, while its minimum (length = 20 mm) is displayed at 20 degrees of elbow flexion.
The moment arm of the biceps appears to peak around 90 degrees of elbow flexion (Ettema et al., 1998; Jarrett et al. 2012).
In contrast, the chart shows that the lower sternocostal head of the pectoralis major actually displays a shoulder extension peak
moment arm of -9.3 mm at 98 degrees (arms just above parallel with the ground).
Anatomical studies have observed that the hip internal rotation
moment arm of the anterior region of the gluteus medius is greater in hip flexion than in hip extension (Delp et al. 1999).
Arnold and Delp (2001) noted that during the typical hip flexion - extension cycle involved in gait,
the moment arm of the gracilis in the transverse plane was for external rotation but was still very small at around 1.0 cm.
Ackland et al. (2008) reported that the middle deltoid displayed a similarly large shoulder flexion muscle
moment arm of 33.1 mm at 120 degrees, indicating that both the anterior and middle deltoids are capable of producing large forces during shoulder flexion in the scapular plane.
Keuchle et al. (1997) show that the anterior displays an average muscle
moment arm of 21.0 mm while the middle deltoid displays an average muscle
moment arm of 23.5 mm, indicating that both segments function as shoulder flexors.
Similarly, Ruckstuhl et al. (2009) showed the peak
moment arm of the middle deltoid to be 30.3 mm at 90 degrees of abduction.
Németh & Ohlsén (1984) performed a study of 10 cadavers and 20 live subjects, and reported that the hip extension moment arm length of the gluteus maximus
moment arm of gluteus maximus decreased substantially from around 8 cm to 3 cm with increasing hip flexion angle, making the gluteus maximus far more effective as a hip extensor in full hip extension, than in full hip flexion.
Not exact matches
Citizens
of the country have even developed a reputation for having their guns ready in the closet at a
moment's notice, which has led some people to wonder if the Swiss are all required to own
arms in order to protect their state.
In the United States economy, the twin
arms of the unemployment rate and the stock market are, for the
moment, working just fine.
«You can't just sit back and enjoy the
moment you have,» says John Ruffolo, CEO
of OMERS Ventures, the venture
arm one
of Canada's leading pension funds.
Fidelity Charitable, the nonprofit
arm of Fidelity Investments that runs its donor - advised fund program, found that 71 percent
of millennial women give to charity based on the
moment while less than half
of baby boomer women do so.
The swinging
arms may come back out during the final
moments of the race to give the skater an extra boost for the finish.
Armed with an English degree and an inborn passion for all things involving marketing and technology, Nick's been a full - time journalist and copywriter since 2010 — and he's loved every
moment of it.
On September 15, 2008, a key
moment in the 2008 financial collapse on Wall Street when Lehman Brothers filed bankruptcy, Merrill Lynch was forced into the
arms of Bank
of America and Citigroup teetered toward insolvency, Deutsche Bank's shares closed the day at $ 58.80 (equivalent price adjusted for a subsequent stock split).
So, you're OK with his stance on butchering babies just
moments before they are full - term and ready to slide down the baby canal chute into the warm and loving
arms of their mother??????? Just too funny.
Only in the final scene does she discover that this pitiful, disheveled tramp was her benefactor, when she touches his
arm and face once again, as in her blindness, and in that
moment of revelation whispers, «You!»
But right now I want a bath and a pint
of Guinness, I want to sit beside the man cradling our last little baby in his strong
arms and lean my head into his shoulder, memorize this exact
moment, I want to stay here in this pause for just a while longer.
In the
moments after I came out
of the closet, that same dad swept me up in his
arms.
It was the soul
of his entire race that had shuddered within him: an obscure memory
of a first sudden awakening in the midst
of beasts stronger, better -
armed than he; a sad echo
of the long struggle to tame the corn and to master the fire; a rancorous dread
of the maleficent forces
of nature, a lust for knowledge and possession... A
moment ago, in the sweetness
of the first contact, he had instinctively longed to lose himself in the warm wind which enfolded him.
The very appetite proceeding from labor and peace
of mind is gone: we eat just enough to keep us alive: our sleep is disturbed by the most frightful dreams; sometimes I start awake, as if the great hour
of danger was come; at other times the howling
of our dogs seems to announce the arrival
of the enemy: we leap out
of bed and run to
arms; my poor wife with panting bosom and silent tears takes leave
of me, as if we were to see each other no more; she snatches the youngest children from their beds, who, suddenly awakened, increase with their innocent questions the horror
of the dreadful
moment.
As soon as the 2nd amendment starts becoming modified to fit the times we live in, that will be the
moment our freedoms start to become watered - down, and consequently, after more and more efforts are made to further limit the meaning
of the 2nd amendment, we will find ourselves with such a weak interpretation or effictive realization
of the 2nd amendment that it will be too late, and we might as well
arm ourselves with BB guns.
The first few
moments I dimly recall, the thermometer being stuck into my mouth, the gray band being wrapped around my
arm to take blood pressure, and the series
of annoying questions being asked about my health insurance policy (which I thankfully reassured myself, even in that debilitated state, would very soon be a thing
of the past).
Weigel exactly captures the anti-Papal ranting
of the weeks immediately preceding the visit — and then the extraordinary change that came over the country that began the
moment the Pope arrived and came hurrying down from the aircraft,
arms outstretched.
If we do not seize upon the promise
of this
moment through what we might call «the mutual conversation, consolation and correction
of the brothers and sisters» (to rephrase Luther), we could be in for a period
of theological Balkanization or Beirutization -
armed camps firing away at each other from their places
of epistemological privilege.
When I visited Amanda in Hyderabad back in 2006, I had my «poverty tourist»
moments — being shocked by the slums, throwing up all the time, taking an absurd amount
of photographs, crying like a baby when the rickshaw driver ripped us off — but Amanda never looked down her nose at me or chided my efforts, even though a few weeks before she had held a dying little girl in her
arms and a few weeks later she would severely burn her leg on a motorbike.
If both charges had been
armed, or if the table hadn't been quite so thick, or if the case holding the explosives hadn't been moved, or if Hitler hadn't bent over the map at that precise
moment, or any number
of other factors, history would have been changed, and millions
of lives would have been spared.
If Christianity continues to tell you that WHEN you get your act together — God will finally open his
arms, the representatives
of this faith are not understanding the premier principal
of God — through Christ he loves you NOW — but when his love begins to radiate into your personal life - your very personal life - you will make choices reflecting that reality — all other things, people, dogmas, Biblical interpretations — all
of that through the long centuries
of man — will be a drop in His eternal ocean and in that first eternal
moment — won't matter - your needs now matter — Christ addresses need — with Himself — demands — with parabolic events — and refusal — with the end result
of free will — even the will to reject Him — when He would have done anything for you to not be rejected.
In the last episode, Smith steps forward in Berlin to receive (if only for a
moment) the stiff -
armed salute
of a Nazi multitude.
This situation need not be static, and the
moment the nuclear powers reach agreement on
arms control or disarmament the UN can assume new functions that might be the functions
of an incipient world government.)
In a
moment a crowd
of 200 men had gathered, and one ran towards him, seized his
arm and said: «What are you destroying here?»
They are maybe five years old, these three moppets, and I hear Their bus groaning a ways behind me, but they are totally into sculpting Little hills and ridges
of leaves, and I can hear them giggling, and in one Minute the bus will hold out its
arms and absorb them, and the parade is Starting to move in front
of me, but for another perfect instant I can hear And see them skiffling and giggling, and smell the sharp savory death
of The brilliant leaves, and see the shoulder
of the mom or aunt or neighbor In the lee
of the apartment building, where she is just lighting a cigarette, And we get these
moments all day long, don't we, we get them all month And week and year all our lives, such a flood and flow
of them, too many To count, too many to endure, they are too generous and savory and holy, We could not bear to see and savor and sing them all; we would go blind.
And in that
moment, I felt happier than I felt sitting on the set
of the Today Show, happier than I felt watching my Amazon rank jump up (and then go back down), happier than I felt when a stranger grabbed my
arm in Times Square and said, «you did great!
Are we going to embrace the fear and anxiety
of this cultural
moment — not as a country, but as the Bridegroom
of Christ — and close our doors, our
arms, our families and our hearts to people who are far from God and in their deepest desperation?
It was in this historical
moment that God chose to reveal himself as the redeemer, the one who brought the people
of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob up out
of their bondage to Pharaoh with a strong
arm.
Then, for a
moment, he shifted into a wrestler's crouch,
arms lowered and in front
of him, circling warily.
Then from that
moment, the maximum
moment — more or less the same
of what I have been doing every single winter, but maybe a little bit more emphasis on neck, shoulder and
arms to prepare for this year's car.»
But at the very
moment of his grandest fantasy, he usually clips a little girl on the side
of the head with his nifty, bent -
armed recovery and hears her porcine papa bellow: «Hey, showboat, look out for my kid.