Although the risk of life - threatening complications from knee replacement surgery is very small, people who undergo total knee replacement are four times more likely to die in the first
month after surgery compared to those who have partial knee replacement, and 15 per cent more likely to die in the first eight years.
Women run 5 to 7 times the risk of death with cesarean section
compared with vaginal birth.14, 29 Complications during and
after the
surgery include surgical injury to the bladder, uterus and blood vessels (2 per 100), 30 hemorrhage (1 to 6 women per 100 require a blood transfusion), 30 anesthesia accidents, blood clots in the legs (6 to 20 per 1000), 30 pulmonary embolism (1 to 2 per 1000), 30 paralyzed bowel (10 to 20 per 100 mild cases, 1 in 100 severe), 30 and infection (up to 50 times morecommon).1 One in ten women report difficulties with normal activities two
months after the birth, 23 and one in four report pain at the incision site as a major problem.9 One in fourteen still report incisional pain six
months or more
after delivery.9 Twice as many women require rehospitalization as women having normal vaginal birth.18 Especially with unplanned cesarean section, women are more likely to experience negative emotions, including lower self - esteem, a sense of failure, loss of control, and disappointment.
As reported at the American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting in June, the vaccine, together with radiation and chemotherapy, prevented the brain tumor from reemerging
after surgery for 12
months as
compared with the typical six to seven
months with no vaccine.