confuses Swedish «
monthly mean station raw data» with «HadCRUT underlying
monthly mean station records».
The source of
the monthly mean station temperatures for the GISS analysis is the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) of Peterson and Vose [1997] and updates, available electronically, from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).
Not exact matches
It has been estimated that the
mean anomaly in the Northern hemisphere at the
monthly scale only has around 60 degrees of freedom — that is, 60 well - place
stations would be sufficient to give a reasonable estimate of the large scale month to month changes.
The warming trends in looking at numerous 100 year temperature plots from northern and high elevation climate
stations... i.e. warming trends in annual
mean and minimum temperature averages, winter
monthly means and minimums and especially winter minimum temperatures and dewpoints... indicate climate warming that is being driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — no visible effects from other things like changes in solar radiation or the levels of cosmic rays.
It has been estimated that the
mean anomaly in the Northern hemisphere at the
monthly scale only has around 60 degrees of freedom — that is, 60 well - place
stations would be sufficient to give a reasonable estimate of the large scale month to month changes.
Looking at two
stations in my city, the old city site up to 1979 and the airport which is only 6 km away, the SD for the difference between the
monthly mean max for the two is 0.46 °C for the overlapping period of 25 years.
In reconstructing the changes in global
mean temperature since 1850, Berkeley Earth has examined 16 million
monthly average temperature observations from 43,000 weather
stations.
When scientists in the 1960s - 70s compiled data to build their global average temperature series they used state averages of
monthly mean temperatures from weather
stations around the world.
An appreciable number of nonurban
stations in the United States and Canada have been identified with statistically significant (at the 90 % level) decreasing trends in the
monthly mean diurnal temperature range between 1941 - 80.
For the 1895 - 2009 period, the poor quality
stations showed a greater warming trend in the
mean monthly temperatures than the good quality
stations, while for the 1970 - 2009 period, the reverse applied.
In regards the gridded network»
stations, I have been informed that the Climate Research Unit's (CRU)
monthly mean surface temperature dataset has been constructed principally from data available on the two websites identified in my letter of 12 March 2007.
The map of regional
mean sea level trends provides an overview of variations in the rates of relative local
mean sea level observed at long - term tide
stations (based on a minimum of 30 years of data in order to account for long - term sea level variations and reduce errors in computing sea level trends based on
monthly mean sea level).
When Folland and Parker's correction is adopted to the historical SST data, the systematic biases in
monthly mean SST anomalies have been corrected almost perfectly at three
stations, and the biases at the other two
stations have been reduced by 40 - 50 %.»
The 1961 - 1990 period is selected by CRU because it Maximizes the number of
stations that can be used with their method and that minimizes the variance in the
mean monthly figure that is then subtracted from all
monthly figures.
During winter,
monthly mean temperatures at coastal
stations are between − 10 °C and − 30 °C but temperatures may briefly rise towards freezing when winter storms bring warm air towards the Antarctic coast.
From these daily values the
monthly mean zonal wind components were calculated for the levels 70, 50, 40, 30, 20, 15, and 10 hPa and a data set from 1953 to the present was produced by combining the observations of the three radiosonde
stations Canton Island (closed 1967), Gan / Maledive Islands (closed 1975), and Singapore (data file: qbo.dat).
Figure 1: Time - height section of
monthly mean zonal winds (m / s) at equatorial
stations: Canton Island, 3 ° S / 172 ° W (Jan 1953 - Aug 1967), Gan / Maledive Islands, 1 ° S / 73 ° E (Sep 1967 - Dec 1975) and Singapore, 1 ° N / 104 ° E (since Jan 1976).
[2] LUR [longwave upward radiation] is negative in the radiation budget and is calculated using the Stefan - Boltzmann law and
monthly mean temperature values measured at the individual radiation
stations.
The study, which appeared in a recent issue of Geophysical Research Letters, used 16 years of
monthly mean observations from satellites, ground
stations, and computer models to look at the relationship between dust particles in the air, called mineral aerosols, and cloud properties.
Global average temperature The
mean surface temperature of the Earth measured from three main sources: satellites,
monthly readings from a network of over 3,000 surface temperature observation
stations and sea surface temperature measurements taken mainly from the fleet of merchant ships, naval ships and data buoys.
Detailed
station - level information on
monthly mean temperatures and trends for unadjusted and adjusted
station data is provided in graphical form: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v3/products/stnplots/