They say: «The algorithm starts by forming a large number of pairwise difference series between serial
monthly temperature values from a region.
Not exact matches
In addition, Huber criticized the researchers» decision to use
monthly averages of
temperature and rainfall to calculate the average wet bulb globe
temperature for the whole summer, rather than deriving wet bulb
values for shorter time intervals and combining them to get a summer average.
(Each agency that keeps such a
temperature record handles the data slightly differently, which can lead to small differences in
monthly and yearly
values, though the overall trend is in broad agreement for all such agencies.)
An annual
value is available if there are 10 valid
monthly temperature anomaly
values.
A seasonal
value is available if there are two valid
monthly temperature anomaly
values.
Fig. 1 Revision history of two individual
monthly values for January 1910 and January 2000 in the GISTEMP global
temperature data from NASA (Source: WUWT)
While periods of increased and decreased warming exist over the 132 - year period, the linear rate is still ~ 0.6 C / century, and the most recent
monthly GISS
values fall right on the linear trend (the linear trend
value for the Feb. 2012
temperature anomaly is +0.38 C, while the last two months have been +0.35 and +0.40 C.)
But despite that which part of Fig. 3: Measurements of global
temperature (RSS,
monthly values, last data point October 2016) compared to the forecast for global
temperature til 2030 by Vahrenholt & Lüning (2012: Figure 73).
My amateur spreadsheet tracking and projecting the
monthly NASA GISS
values suggests that while 2018 and 2019 are likely to be cooler than 2017, they may also be the last years on Earth with global average land and ocean surface
temperature anomaly below 1C above pre-industrial average (using 1850 - 1900 proxy).
About taking differences (current period figures less prior period figures) of anomalies: the anomalies are the
value less the
monthly mean (i.e., the mean for the particular month over the years, in this case 32 full years), as is the usual practice with climate data (most notably
temperature).
Remember all the fun we had last year over 1995 global
temperatures, with early release of information (via Oz), «inventing» the December
monthly value, letters to Nature etc etc?
Monthly values of the global
temperature anomaly of the lower atmosphere, compiled at the University of Alabama from NASA satellite data, can be found on Dr. Roy Spencer's website.
High
values of the Hurst exponent of H = 0.66 ± 0.05 for deseasonalized
monthly mean surface
temperatures in the sample period 1850 - 2015 suggest persistence and long term memory in the
temperature time series.
I've downloaded the
monthly HadCET (Central England
Temperature) mean dataset, available here, and for 2012 (it should work for any year), I've put the
values from January through to July into Excel and plotted a graph:
Running twelve - month averages of global - mean and European - mean surface air
temperature anomalies relative to 1981 - 2010, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.
«We evaluate to what extent the
temperature rise in the past 100 years was a trend or a natural fluctuation and analyze 2249 worldwide
monthly temperature records from GISS (NASA) with the 100 - year period covering 1906 - 2005 and the two 50 - year periods from 1906 to 1955 and 1956 to 2005... The data document a strong urban heat island eff ect (UHI) and a warming with increasing station elevation... About a quarter of all the records for the 100 - year period show a fall in
temperatures... that the observed
temperature records are a combination of long - term correlated records with an additional trend, which is caused for instance by anthropogenic CO2, the UHI or other forcings... As a result, the probabilities that the observed
temperature series are natural have
values roughly between 40 % and 90 %, depending on the stations characteristics and the periods considered.»
Running twelve - month averages of global - mean and European - mean surface air
temperature anomalies relative to 1981 - 2010, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.
Running twelve - month averages of global - mean and European - mean surface air
temperature anomalies relative to 1981 - 2010, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.
Instead of changes in
monthly values of Temp and precip (and cloud cover) changes in ANNUAL mean
temperature were used to force LPJ.
Since solar radiation data were not available for these sites, we calculated
monthly mean
values, using differences between
temperature extremes following procedures outlined by Coops et al. -LRB-[2000]-RRB-.
Note: Excel used to calculate the 3 - year absolute
temperature and CO2 level averages; also used to calculate the moving 36 - month and 360 - month per century acceleration / deceleration trends (Excel slope function) as depicted on chart; the absolute temps calculated using the HadCRUT4 month anomalies and NOAA's
monthly global mean
temperature estimates; and, the 3 - year average beginning
value for CO2 was offset to a zero starting place.
Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air
temperature, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.
With a r2 of 0.00 between
monthly CO2 and
temperatures values, the UK climate records also confirm the legitimate dismissal of the argument that CO2 acts as a «control knob» - some type of global
temperature thermostat that UN elite bureaucrats and national politicians thought they could just dial for a desired climate.
Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air
temperature, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.
Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air
temperature, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.
Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air
temperature, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.
The DHM data set includes daily flow data for 44 river gauging stations for the period 1964 - 2000, 258 daily precipitation records covering 1956 - 1996, 119 daily and
monthly temperature records spanning the period 1934 - 1996, 114 records of average
monthly humidity from 1967 - 1997, and 41 records with average
monthly values of sunshine hours between 1967 - 1997...
Figure 18 - A
Monthly values of cloud coverage over 15 ° S - 15 ° N and mean global surface
temperatures from December 1983 to December 2009 (Ole Humlum www.climate4you.com)
The next is the nature of the distribution of the
values for the first difference (
monthly change in
temperature, second row).
Global mean cloud properties averaged over the period 1986 - 1993 are: cloud amount = 0.675 ± 0.012, cloud top
temperature = 261.5 ± 2.8 K, and cloud optical thickness = 3.7 ± 0.3, where the plus - minus
values are the rms deviations of global
monthly mean
values from their long - term average.
Together, the
monthly temperature and precipitation
values are used to compute the net moisture balance, based on a simple supply - and - demand model that uses potential evapotranspiration (PET) calculated using the Thornthwaite method.
Likewise, we use the
monthly - mean time series from CMIP5 and LENS to calculate simulated time series of statewide 12 - mo and seasonal
values of
temperature and precipitation.
Anomalies are computed by subtracting the mean
monthly value (averaged from 1979 through 1998 for each channel) from the average brightness
temperature for each month.
14 Köppen Climate Classification System Most commonly used system Uses mean
monthly and annual
values of
temperature and precipitation Five Principal Groups Humid Tropical Humid Mid-Latitude Dry Highland Polar
Importantly, however, day - to - day and month - to - month departures from average
temperature (the difference between the individual daily or
monthly value and the long - term mean, also known as
temperature anomalies) are consistent across very large distances.
RSS and UAH
monthly near - global satellite lower - troposphere
temperature anomaly
values for each month from January 2001 to April 2016 were assumed to be broadly accurate and were averaged.
[2] LUR [longwave upward radiation] is negative in the radiation budget and is calculated using the Stefan - Boltzmann law and
monthly mean
temperature values measured at the individual radiation stations.
Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air
temperature, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.
Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air
temperature, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.
Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air
temperature, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.
Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air
temperature, based on
monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.
If a station has 15 or more valid
temperatures in any given month for the 1951 - 1980 baseline period, retain that
monthly baseline
value; otherwise drop that station / month from the computations.