The team believes the ancient tropical warming caused large, rapid atmospheric changes at the equator, the intensification of the Pacific monsoon, sea - ice loss in the north Atlantic Ocean and
more atmospheric heat and moisture over Greenland and much of the rest of the Northern Hemisphere.
What I am hearing is a see - saw process of less ice
more atmospheric heat, more ice less atmospheric heat in the short term.
Not exact matches
The first is that our planet's oceans act as a massive watery
heat - sink, and currently absorb
more than 90 percent of increased
atmospheric heat that are associated with human activity.
Swirling winds blustering at
more than 1,000 miles per hour, along with
heat rising from the planetary interior, create the gold and yellow
atmospheric bands.
For their part, though, global warming skeptics such as
atmospheric physicist Fred Singer maintain that cold weather snaps are responsible for
more human deaths than warm temperatures and
heat waves.
That
heated surface air then rose into the
atmospheric boundary layer — the lowest level of the troposphere — doubling its height to
more than 4 kilometers, and creating a thick blanket of
heat.
In the North Atlantic,
more heat has been retained at deep levels as a result of changes to both the ocean and
atmospheric circulations, which have led to the winter atmosphere extracting less
heat from the ocean.
Scientists have fingerprinted a distinctive
atmospheric wave pattern high above the Northern Hemisphere that can foreshadow the emergence of summertime
heat waves in the United States
more than two weeks in advance.
All that extra
heat in the Pacific warms the air above, leading to
more rising air than normal in that region, which affects the global
atmospheric circulation.
Increasing
atmospheric CO2 concentrations cause an imbalance in Earth's
heat budget:
more heat is retained than expelled, which in turn generates global surface warming.
More than 90 % of global warming
heat goes into warming the oceans, while less than 3 % goes into increasing the
atmospheric and surface air temperature.
For as much as
atmospheric temperatures are rising, the amount of energy being absorbed by the planet is even
more striking when one looks into the deep oceans and the change in the global
heat content (Figure 4).
Polar amplification, in which temperatures at the poles rise
more rapidly than temperatures at the equator (due to factors like the global
atmospheric and oceanic circulation of
heat from the equator to the poles), plays a major role in the rate of ice sheet retreat.
So the mechanism should cause a decline in skin temperature gradients with increased cloud cover (
more downward
heat radiation), and there should also be a decline in the difference between cool skin layer and ocean bulk temperatures - as less
heat escapes the ocean under increased
atmospheric warming.
If
more heat is transferred to the oceans than is accounted for by the models, that «is a negative
atmospheric feedback, at least on shorter time scales.»
Higher temperature means
more heat energy moved around in the
atmospheric process.
Assuming all other things are equal then I would expect that a shutdown in the THC would lead to
more heat transport by the
atmospheric circulation as the temperature gradient would be greater.
The whole issue is that any level above what is often called the «effective radiating level» (say, at ~ 255 K on Earth) should start to cool as
atmospheric CO2 increases, since the layers above this height are being shielded
more strongly from upwelling radiation... except not quite, because convection distributes
heating higher than this level, the stratosphere marks the point where convection gives out and there is high static stability.
Polar amplification, in which temperatures at the poles rise
more rapidly than temperatures at the equator (due to factors like the global
atmospheric and oceanic circulation of
heat from the equator to the poles), plays a major role in the rate of ice sheet retreat.
The graphs I've seen suggest a
more gradual process, involving a time delay between
atmospheric and oceanic
heating, which would make a lot
more sense.
Thus, if the absorption of the infrared emission from
atmospheric greenhouse gases reduces the gradient through the skin layer, the flow of
heat from the ocean beneath will be reduced, leaving
more of the
heat introduced into the bulk of the upper oceanic layer by the absorption of sunlight to remain there to increase water temperature.
Of course, if you're serious about stabilizing
atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, achieving the American goal in 2020 is just step one in what would have to be a centurylong 12 - step (or
more) program to completely decouple global energy use from processes that generate
heat - trapping emissions.
Moreover, the
atmospheric temperature gradient is mitigated by the absorption of solar radiation within the atmosphere (also latent
heat deposition), thus a
more moderate temperature gradient is established within the ral atmosphere.
It seems that predictions are for less oceanic
heat transport and
more atmospheric (latent / moist)
heat transport.
However, when
heated to temperatures of over 705 °F and pressures of
more than 3200 pounds per square inch (psi;
atmospheric pressure is about 15 psi at sea level), water enters a unique, supercritical phase.
The atmosphere of Venus is mostly CO2 but the
atmospheric heat arises as a result of the mass and density of the Venusian atmosphere (apparently
more than 90 times that of the Earth) not just the absorption characteristics of CO2.
So if there were, say, a decadal - scale 1 % -2 % reduction in cloud cover that allowed
more SW radiation to penetrate into the ocean (as has been observed since the 1980s), do you think this would have an impact of greater magnitude on the
heat in the oceans than a change of, say, +10 ppm (0.00001) in the
atmospheric CO2 concentration?
I am very disappointed that you did not point out that
heat emissions alone are
more than sufficient to account for all the rise in
atmospheric temperature as well as increase in ocean
heat content that we have witnessed.
That one was little - noticed by the world's media, but now its findings may receive
more attention, as an independent study by NCAR, published yesterday in Nature Climate Change, has investigated the same subject and reaches a confirming conclusion: in recent years
atmospheric warming has been delayed due to increased
heat transport to the deeper ocean.
But the known clathrate store off the US East Coast is very significant and large scale releases could result in much
more widespread anoxia, acidification, and provide a substantial
atmospheric heating feedback to human - caused warming.
More than 90 % of global warming
heat goes into warming the oceans, while less than 3 % goes into increasing the
atmospheric and surface air temperature.
By the way, here is a somewhat different view of the issue, which points to a
more dominant role for
atmospheric rather than oceanic
heat transport, courtesy Richard Seagar: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/ocp/gs/
Just as an El Niño produces a hotter Equator in the Pacific Ocean and generates
more atmospheric convection, so there might be a subnormal mode that decreases
heat, convection, and evaporation.
If
atmospheric heat transported from lower latitudes was the major driver,
more warming would be expected at greater heights.
The primary purpose of this web site is to make people
more aware of the enormous energy production potential of
atmospheric upward
heat convection.
Stabilization - Keeping constant the
atmospheric concentrations of one or
more heat - trapping gas (greenhouse gas) or of a CO2 - equivalent basket of
heat - trapping gases.
«You have
more evaporation,
more energy,
more heat and that's driving
more moisture from the tropics which is where these
atmospheric rivers originate,» Lynn Ingram, a professor of Earth and Planetary Science at the University of California, Berkeley, told IBT.
For as much as
atmospheric temperatures are rising, the amount of energy being absorbed by the planet is even
more striking when one looks into the deep oceans and the change in the global
heat content (Figure 4).
«because T&G failed to demonstrate that the pot on the stove example is a valid analogy for the earth, they failed to falsify the
atmospheric greenhouse effect» G and T, as they are
more commonly known, make the obvious point that a (massive) increase in energy absorption will cool the pot, not
heat it.
The anomaly of the ocean
heat content is
more important than the
atmospheric temperature anomaly for the conclusion whether global warming stopped or whether it hasn't, anyway.
If we continue emitting large amounts of CO2 while we work towards converting to 3/4 solar power and survive the
heating that we inadvertently speed up by reflecting
more heat into an atmosphere already overburdened with reflective -
heat - capturing CO2, some day in the future when the
atmospheric CO2 returns to its natural percentage of 0.0300 % instead of today's extremely high 0.03811 % the world will cool down to the levels that nature intended.
Keystone would boost that total to 2.2 million barrels per day, enrich the pit owners, and lay the groundwork for an ever -
more - rapid exploitation of this dangerous pile of
atmospheric heat - venom.
How hurricanes develop also depends on how the local atmosphere responds to changes in local sea surface temperatures, and this
atmospheric response depends critically on the cause of the change.23, 24 For example, the atmosphere responds differently when local sea surface temperatures increase due to a local decrease of particulate pollution that allows
more sunlight through to warm the ocean, versus when sea surface temperatures increase
more uniformly around the world due to increased amounts of human - caused
heat - trapping gases.25, 26,27,28
Ocean
heat content and sea level rise measurements may provide a
more reliable answer than
atmospheric measurements.
What I am not clear on is what has changed in the last few years to cause
more heat to be captured by the oceans and less in the atmosphere with the resultant slower rate of surface or
atmospheric warming.
We do not need models to anticipate that significant rises in
atmospheric CO2 concentrations harbor the potential to raise temperatures significantly (Fourier, 1824, Arrhenius, 1896), nor that the warming will cause
more water to evaporate (confirmed by satellite data), nor that the additional water will further warm the climate, nor that this effect will be partially offset by latent
heat release in the troposphere (the «lapse - rate feedback»), nor that greenhouse gas increases will warm the troposphere but cool the stratosphere, while increases in solar intensity will warm both — one can go on and on
Victor argues that policymakers should instead focus on a suite of «vital signs» that are
more tightly linked to carbon emissions, including
atmospheric carbon - dioxide concentrations, ocean
heat content, and high - latitude temperature changes.
They will go on gaining
heat until the radiative balance is restored, and this happens when the sea surface temperature has increased sufficiently for it to shed
more heat to space through the longwave
atmospheric window.
A
more complete analysis that includes convection changes the
heat balance so that adding CO2 actually causes increased
atmospheric cooling.
The latter moving towards a new input - output equilibrium where the balance is controlled by the
atmospheric chemical mix, whereas just dumping
heat directly isn't doing that (though if it were a hundred times
more than now, one can imagine some territorial /
atmospheric side - effects).