For example, «we always knew there is
more bromine in the stratosphere than we could account for.»
Not exact matches
Although chlorine levels are falling, thanks to agreements that banned chlorofluorocarbons, levels of
bromine — which is 45 times
more effective at zapping ozone — are still rising, says atmospheric chemist Dale Hurst of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, Colorado.
Their method was
more sensitive and had a higher resolution than standard techniques, and they mainly detected the
bromine - containing molecules in the perinuclear region and showing spot - like distribution.
Greenpeace reports that in three cases
bromine was present in
more than one percent of the total surface chemical composition of the material tested, prompting the environmental organization to conclude that there was «continued widespread use of either additive or reactive brominated flame retardants.»
Other compounds, especially the
more reactive
bromine compounds, can be made naturally, however.
Short - lived
bromine compounds naturally released from the ocean surface, however, have a
more pronounced impact on ozone than their short - lived industrial cousins.
While it pays lip service to things like timber, the museum focuses primarily on petroleum and
bromine,
more of which is produced in Arkansas than anywhere else in the world.
However, unlike caffeine, the
bromine and polyphenols seem to stimulate the brain's reward mechanism
more strongly.
I found one company that has a natural cleaner but it is $ 1000's
more than
bromine over the course of a couple years (hubby's calculations)
Iodine, as Lugol's 5 %, much
more than 1mg / day is needed to counteract environmental poisons - toxins such as radiation,
bromine - fluorine - chlorine in everything.
It provides a large amount of iodine, a mineral that many of us need
more of today due to the prevalence of iodine adversaries —
bromine, chlorine, and fluoride.
At 12.5 mg / day, it can take a year or
more to become replete with iodine in all tissues and to fully drive out other halogens, such as
bromine, from the body.
... This brings up the nightmarish thought that if the chemical industry had developed organobromine compounds instead of the CFCs — or alternatively, if chlorine chemistry would have run
more like that of
bromine — then without any preparedness, we would have been faced with a catastrophic ozone hole everywhere and at all seasons during the 1970s, probably before the atmospheric chemists had developed the necessary knowledge to identify the problem and the appropriate techniques for the necessary critical measurements.
Measurements show that depletion of the ozone layer steadily worsened during the 1980s and most of the 1990s, but
more recently as atmospheric amounts of chlorine and
bromine have stabilized, a further worsening of ozone depletion appears to have been avoided.
An advanced hydrogen -
bromine flow battery could make renewables like wind and solar
more profitable and widespread.
The conclusion is based on a finding that
bromine and iodine oxide, natural chemicals produced by sea spray and emissions from microscopic sea organisms, destroyed ozone in the atmosphere west of equatorial Africa — destroyed 50 %
more ozone than than expected.
Bromine compounds are roughly an order of magnitude
more destructive of the ozone layer.
``... the nightmarish thought that if the chemical industry had developed organobromine compounds instead of the CFCs — or alternatively, if chlorine chemistry would have run
more like that of
bromine — then without any preparedness, we would have been faced with a catastrophic ozone hole everywhere and at all seasons during the 1970s, probably before the atmospheric chemists had developed the necessary knowledge to identify the problem and the appropriate techniques for the necessary critical measurements.
Bromine, the ozone - depleting element found in methyl bromide, is nearly 60 times
more...
Bromine, the ozone - depleting element found in methyl bromide, is nearly 60 times
more effective at destroying ozone than the chlorine found in CFCs.9 This means that even though its atmospheric lifetime is quite short (a little over a year) 31, the immediate impact of changes in methyl bromide emissions on the ozone layer is very high compared to other chemicals.