China, which burns much
more coal per dollar of gross domestic product than the United States does, overtook us by that measure around three years ago.
Just in the last few weeks it became clear that China burned perhaps 17 %
more coal per year in recent years than was previously understood.
China, the world's leading emitter of greenhouse gases from coal, has been burning up to 17 per cent
more coal per year than the government previously disclosed, according to newly released data.
Not exact matches
These numbers are not only comparable to
coal and natural gas (which average $ 100
per megawhatt hour, but in fact
more attractive, on a global average basis.
Excluding petroleum and
coal products, final manufacturing goods prices increased by 0.9
per cent, the largest quarterly increase in
more than four years (Table 10).
The stark drop in natural gas prices from an all - time high of
more than $ 15
per 1,000 cubic feet in 2005 to near $ 4 today results from a range of factors including the global economic downturn, competitive
coal prices, unusually warm winters, the improvement of hydraulic fracturing («fracking») drilling techniques, and the production of natural gas as a byproduct when drillers frack for petroleum.
More recently, manufacturing output has continued to grow strongly, but shortages of
coal have restrained output in energy - intensive sectors so that growth in total industrial production slowed to 5
per cent over the year to February.
Steaming
coal producers appear to have achieved
more modest price increases of close to 20
per cent, though this follows rises of 68
per cent negotiated in 2004/05.
As a result of the strong global demand for steel, coking
coal producers negotiated an increase of around 120
per cent in contract prices, with iron ore contract prices generally rising by
more than 70
per cent (Graph 39).
Cover and smoke about one to 1 1/2 hours
per pound or until meat thermometer registers 185 degrees F. Add the remaining wood chips (and
more pre-lit
coals if necessary) halfway through smoking.
Given that Rio Tinto and Mitsubishi Development in aggregate hold
more than 20
per cent of
Coal & Allied, in accordance with the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth),
Coal & Allied shareholders (other than Rio Tinto and Mitsubishi Development and their respective subsidiaries) will need to vote to approve the relevant joint bid arrangements between Rio Tinto, Mitsubishi Development and Hunter Valley Resources and their respective related bodies corporate («
Coal & Allied Shareholder Approval») before the Scheme can proceed.
Cleaner
coal will be
more expensive, too, adding at least 4 cents
per kilowatt - hour to the power Mountaineer produces at roughly 5 cents
per kWh.
But there are technology options on the horizon that might allow for future
coal - fired power plants to avoid the average emissions of
more than four million metric tons of carbon dioxide every year
per plant.
As a result, the ubiquitous barges plying the river no longer need human muscle to beat the flow and can carry
more than three times as much weight — from 3,000 tons
per ship to 10,000 tons of
coal, cars and other goods.
But there's a good chance society will jump to the most abundant fuel around:
Coal, which emits 25 to 50 percent
more carbon dioxide
per energy unit than petroleum, according to the Energy Information Administration.
Even the oil sands ultimate consumption in a gasoline, diesel or jet engine only results in 500 kilograms of CO2 - equivalent
per barrel of refined petroleum products, meaning total oil sands emissions from well to wheel are considerably lower than those of this nation's
more than 500 power plants burning
coal to generate electricity.
Burning
coal produces
more than 100 million metric tons of
coal ash
per yearthe gray or black sooty aftermath of our fossil fuel habit.
The Department of Energy estimated in May 2007 that a new power plant burning pulverized
coal and equipped with amine scrubbers to capture 90 percent of the CO2 would make electricity at a cost of
more than $ 114
per megawatt - hour (compared with just $ 63
per MWh without CO2 capture).
Australia relies heavily on
coal for its own electricity as well, emitting
more CO2
per person than any other developed country, and its agricultural emissions are among the highest
per capita in the world, mainly because of the large numbers of sheep and cattle.
Compressed Air The Alabama Energy Cooperative opened a compressed - air energy storage plant in 1991, using
coal plants that ordinarily would be idle at night, to pump air into a hollowed - out salt dome at a pressure of
more than 1,000 pounds
per square inch.
«It's now competitive in terms of power
per unit of investment, but you get a lot
more power
per unit
coal,» Chu noted.
In all the nations surveyed,
more than 73
per cent of people agreed that «Every time we use
coal or oil or gas, we contribute to the greenhouse effect».
For example, China gets about 20
per cent of its imported
coal from Australia, but
more than half of what Australia sends might not meet the new standards.
NuScale claims it will be able to produce power at about seven to nine cents
per kilowatt - hour — roughly the same as big nuclear plants, only a few cents
more than the cheapest modern natural gas — fired or
coal - fired plants, and one - third the cost of a typical diesel generator.
The cost of retrofitting an old
coal plant with capture equipment, for example, could in theory run to
more than $ 100
per ton.
And attaching the Calera process to the nation's
more than 600
coal - fired power plants or even steel mills and other industrial sources is even
more attractive as burning
coal results in flue gas with as much as 150,000 parts
per million of CO2.
The world will burn around 1.2 billion
more tons of
coal per year by 2017 compared to today, equivalent to the current
coal consumption of Russia and the United States combined.
So if extracting methane requires
more than 30
per cent of the energy it yields, using
coal would be...
They found that because natural gas plants are overall
more efficient than
coal plants, producing
more energy
per unit of carbon, they could cause less warming in the long term.
For unsubsidized solar power to be competitive with
coal - or natural gas — powered electricity, it needs to cost $ 1
per watt — today, solar is three to five times
more expensive than fossil fuels, Atwater said.
Although fracking in the U.S. produces
more than 100 billion gallons of wastewater
per year, the process requires significantly less water
per unit of energy than extraction and processing for
coal and nuclear power, according to past research by Jackson and his colleagues.
States with
more coal power plants such as Ohio, Pennsylvania and Indiana released the most electricity - related SO2 emissions in the summer at
more than 1,300 metric tons
per day,
per state.
As rumored, EPA will require that all new natural gas - fired plants emit no
more than 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide
per megawatt - hour, and
coal plants no
more than 1,100 pounds
per megawatt - hour.
At 1,100 pounds
per megawatt - hour, the new standard for
coal is only slightly
more relaxed that last year's proposal.
Underground
coal and uranium mining, and oil recovery enhancement extraction use between two - and - a-half to 13 times
more water
per unit of energy produced.
It's must be truly frustrating to spend ones entire career determining what will happen if the world burns 20 or 30 billion tonnes of
coal per year when the economic evidence points to the world never burning
more then 7 or 8 billion tonnes
per year.
Perhaps someone with a better background on geology could explain why there's so much
more methane extracted
per unit of
coal resource in coalbed methane than is vented in regular
coal mining.
Thus, we have to buy
more coal every year
per kilowatt - hour generated.â $
China's
coal demand growth averaged 9 %
per year from 2000 to 2010,
more than double the global growth rate of 4 % and significantly higher than global growth excluding China, which averaged only 1 %.
Spending on school operations — not including school construction or debt payments — ranges from less than $ 8,700
per student in a
coal country district, one of the state's lowest - achieving, to
more than $ 26,600 in a tony Philadelphia suburb.
Indoor wood,
coal and biofuel fires kill
more than 1,000,000 people
per year.
Perhaps someone with a better background on geology could explain why there's so much
more methane extracted
per unit of
coal resource in coalbed methane than is vented in regular
coal mining.
The KDHE has denied a permit for a
coal plant that would have been
more efficient (read,
more MWH
per ton of
coal and less CO2 and other pollutants
per MWH) than older plants whose permits they will be renewing as a matter of course over the coming months and years.
In fact, the world will burn around 1.2 billion
more tonnes of
coal per year by 2017 compared to today — equivalent to the current
coal consumption of Russia and the United States combined.
She explains that in all but three grid regions in China, electric vehicles produce
more CO2
per mile because of the
coal source for the power than the equivalent gasoline - powered car:
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The World Health Organization estimates that preventable deaths from air pollution, meaning soot and smog from burning wood,
coal, oil and gasoline, total
more than two million
per year worldwide.
China is never
more than a couple of weeks away from running short of electricity, which is why the are building (as Biden said) 2 - 3
coal fired power plants
per week.
[D] espite additions of substantial wind, solar, and nuclear capacity, when properly adjusted for capacity factor (the amount of annual energy produced
per unit of capacity) to reflect production capability, the amount of new
coal energy added to the China grid last year exceeded new solar energy by 17 times, new wind energy by
more than 4 times, and even new hydro by
more than 3 times.
Air pollution from
coal burning kills
more than 100,000 people
per year.