Last year Australian listed companies spent an estimated AU$ 6 billion on developing
more coal reserves.
Nevertheless, Australian listed companies spent an estimated AU$ 6 billion on finding and developing
more coal reserves, it is revealed.
Not exact matches
Experts estimate that the US only has enough natural gas
reserves to last 93
more years, and enough
coal to last about 283 years.
And if all the known
reserves of
coal, oil and gas are burnt, the figure will eventually rise to
more than 4 trillion tonnes.
Interest in hydrates has skyrocketed in recent years because global deposits are thought to harbor
more fuel energy than all the world's
coal, oil and natural gas
reserves combined.
[Response: For climate purposes, the problem is
coal (and maybe methane hydrates)-- there is
more than enough fossil fuel
reserves for the IPCC scenarios.
But the committee said
more research was needed to find better ways to mine
coal, to estimate
reserves and to store carbon dioxide captured from plants.
Gavin, are you aware of the complete disconnect between SRES estimates of fossil fuel
reserves, which are based on a single review paper by Roger in 1997, and
more recent views regarding peak oil, peak gas, and peak
coal?
More important though — as Dr. Hansen, NASA's chief climate scientist, has stated, we can not solve global warming if we burn all of the remaining
reserves of
coal.
Such options include the inevitable expansion of Canada's own tar / oil sands (Keith Kloor has nicely knitted several views of this option), ever
more coal production and the global push to tap greatly expanded
reserves of natural gas.
There is a raging battle today about the size of fossil fuel
reserves and resources, with «peakists» claiming that we are already at or near peak production of both oil and
coal because the amounts of economically recoverable fuels in the ground are
more limited than the fossil fuel industry has admitted.
As of 2013, the world has ~ 1,000 Billion short tons a mine price would be no
more than $ 5 per short ton, so we are looking at a cost of ~ $ 5 Trillion to sequester the remaining known
coal reserves.
Even after decades of increasingly dire warnings, the US has still not passed comprehensive federal legislation to combat global warming; Canada has abandoned past pledges in order to exploit its emissions - heavy tar sands; China continues to depend on
coal for its energy production; Indonesia's effort to stem widespread deforestation is facing stiff resistance from industry; Europe is mulling pulling back on its
more ambitious cuts if other nations do not join it; northern nations are scrambling to exploit the melting Arctic for untapped oil and gas
reserves; and fossil fuels continue to be subsidized worldwide to the tune of $ 400 billion.
Certainly, the timing of such announcement was made
more palatable on news that
coal reserves in China have hit new highs after a summer of
coal supply shortages that saw blackouts in various Chinese cities.
«In addition to abandoning
more than 80 percent of current global
coal reserves, the researchers say, the world should forego extracting a third of its oil and half of its gas
reserves before 2050,» National Geographic reported, with apparent approval.
If the alternative had been adopted the UK would NOW have a working
coal industry and plentiful
reserves of North Sea oil and Gas and
more time to ramp up on sustainable energy production.
While vast global
coal reserves make this question
more neutral with regard to carbon per se, it a
more complete socio - politico - economic experiment nonetheless to examine how good we have been at steering the oceanliner of energy policy with regard to foreign oil in the United States, obviously a
more simple problem than all fossil fuels together.
Our Australia's Carbon Bubble report reveals that Australia's
coal reserves are already
more than double their market share of the precautionary global carbon budget for
coal.
Such hydrates store
more carbon than all the proven
reserves of
coal, oil and gas and could also thaw, UNEP said.
As the United States focuses
more on shale gas
reserves, India is expected to become the second largest
coal consumer in 2017, ranking only behind China.
And India has
more where that came from — «India has a good
reserve of
coal and lignite.
Coal reserves are
more widely dispersed than oil and gas.
Research published in Nature recommends that, globally, a third of oil
reserves, half of gas
reserves, and over 80 percent of current
coal reserves should remain unused from 2010 to 2050, in order to keep average global temperatures from rising no
more than two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
More than 120 million acres of protected land — larger than the state of California — are situated over rich
reserves of oil,
coal and gas, according to a new analysis by Greenpeace's Unearthed investigations team.
Coal is responsible for as much atmospheric carbon dioxide as the other fossil fuels combined, and its reserves make coal even more important for the long
Coal is responsible for as much atmospheric carbon dioxide as the other fossil fuels combined, and its
reserves make
coal even more important for the long
coal even
more important for the long run.
Meanwhile, the world is blessed with vast
reserves of natural gas and, particularly,
coal, that reside under soil that is
more congenial to democracy.
Fossil fuel corporations have five times
more oil and
coal and gas in known
reserves than climate scientists think is safe to burn.
To date, we have added about 1.5 trillion tons of CO2 from fossil fuel use (this is my recollection from papers by Meinshausen and others), and so by my very rough calculations,
coal alone would permit us to contribute much
more to atmospheric CO2 than we have already done, with a warming effect substantially greater than what we have already observed — and that is without counting oil and gas
reserves.
Oh and we have
more than a century of natural gas left, quite a bit of
coal and we have not reached our total peak oil
reserves as of yet either... Sceintific American has a recent issue discussing all of that though.
The research showed that the untapped
reserves of
coal, oil, and gas identified by the world's fossil fuel industry contained five times
more carbon than we can burn if we want to keep from raising the planet's temperature by
more than two degrees Celsius.
More recently, McGlade and Ekins (2015) found that «globally, a third of oil
reserves, half of gas
reserves and over 80 per cent of current
coal reserves should remain unused from 2010 to 2050 in order to meet the target of 2 °C.»
The issue of the bubble arises because the combined proven oil, gas and
coal reserves currently on the books of fossil fuel companies (and governments in the case of NOCs) will produce far
more than this amount of CO2 when consumed.
Other considerations, particularly those regarding the composition of
coal reserves and of
coal production, are of equal, if not
more, importance.
Shell: «The issue of the bubble arises because the combined proven oil, gas and
coal reserves currently on the books of fossil fuel companies (and governments in the case of NOCs) will produce far
more than this amount of CO2 when consumed.»
«Keep it in the Ground» has been a rallying cry for groups working to fight climate change, after researchers calculated that at least a third of known oil
reserves, half of gas
reserves and 80 percent of
coal reserves should not be burned to prevent an average global temperature increase of
more than 2 degrees Celsius.
Coal is abundant; assuming current rates of usage and production do not change, estimates of reserves indicate that enough coal remains to last more than 200 ye
Coal is abundant; assuming current rates of usage and production do not change, estimates of
reserves indicate that enough
coal remains to last more than 200 ye
coal remains to last
more than 200 years.
The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), whose mission is to ensure the reliability of the bulk power system for the continent, finds in its 2017 Long - Term Reliability Assessment, that (contrary to NETL raising potential reliability issues from future
coal and nuclear retirements) most regions of the country have sufficient
reserve margins through 2022, as new additions
more than offset expected retirements.
This matters because there is a huge amount of carbon currently locked up in permafrost, and the methane hydrates alone contain
more carbon than all of Earth's proven
reserves of
coal, oil, and natural gas combined.
More than 80 per cent of the world's known
coal reserves need to stay in the ground to avoid dangerous climate change, according to new research.
But in the last decade, the world's commercially viable («proven») fossil fuel
reserves have increased:
coal reserves have declined, but oil and gas
reserves have
more than made up for it.