This requires much
more cognitive resources to decipher intent, sometimes too much.
Because learners aren't fighting the interface, they have
more cognitive resources for learning what the lesson or course is trying to teach.
Lying requires
more cognitive resources than being truthful, says lead author Gil Luria.
Given that people don't like to devote
more cognitive resources than absolutely necessary, this is an important indicator of what on the site is of interest.
Not exact matches
That can be exploited most effectively when combined with the principle of «
cognitive load,» which holds that «the
more operations our brain has to perform at any one time, the greater the drain on available
resources.»
Though these
resources are few nationwide, adoption and post-adoption agencies are becoming
more aware of the need to inform parents of a child's prior history and the potential for
cognitive, behavior and attachment problems.
Krueger remembers a popular debate among social psychologists over which metaphor best drives home the depth of the mind's failings: Should researchers view the mind as a «
cognitive miser,» emphasizing our limited
resources and reliance on irrelevant clues, or is the mind
more accurately depicted as a «totalitarian ego,» pursuing self - esteem at the cost of self - deception?
The research comes out of the
ReSource Project at the Max Planck Institute for Human
Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, Germany, and looked at the effects of three different meditation techniques on the brains and bodies of
more than 300 volunteers over 9 months.
More search options, the researchers said, leads to «less selective processing» and distracts users»
cognitive resources with «irrelevant information,» and therefore reduces their ability «to screen out inferior options.»
The consequence is a loss of confidence, further activating their brains» stress response, making it
more difficult for them to employ their
cognitive resources and knowledge during the tests themselves.
Furthermore, low income is strongly associated with poor parental mental and physical health.40, 42 Parental irritability and depressive symptoms have been associated with fewer interactions and
more conflictual interactions with older children, leading to less satisfactory emotional, social, and
cognitive development.43 Specifically, the parents» emotional state and parenting has been shown to greatly affect their children's social adjustment, self - esteem, social competence, and externalizing as well as internalizing behaviors.10, 13 As noted by the Institute of Medicine, there is an intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms.17 Whether this relationship is due to poverty, home environment, family structure, family
resources, social support, or other factors warrants further research.
As we discuss below, one recent study found that family stability trumps family structure as it pertains to early
cognitive development even after controlling for economic and parental
resources.26 It has been shown that children living in stable single - parent families (that is, families that were headed by a single parent throughout childhood) do better than those living in unstable two - parent families (that is, families that had two parents present initially but then experienced a change in family structure).27 Another study finds that children living in stable cohabiting homes (that is, families where two parents cohabit throughout the child's life) do just as well as children living with cohabiting parents who eventually marry.28 But other research challenges the conclusion that it is family stability that is crucial for child wellbeing One study, for instance, found that children who experience two or
more family transitions do not have worse behavioral problems or
cognitive test scores than children who experience only one or no family transitions.
Children of depressed mothers also are
more likely to have insecure attachment with their mothers, experience high social withdrawal, have poor communication and language skills, perform poorly on
cognitive tasks, and show
more disruptive behaviors across developmental periods.2 Particularly among low - income families, financial difficulties and related
resource scarcity increase the detrimental impacts of maternal depression on the children's adjustment, the mother's health status, and the family's functioning as a whole.3
In the long term, those participating children are
more likely to be employed and less likely to be dependent on government assistance.9 The positive effects are larger, and
more likely to be sustained, when programs are high quality.10 In addition, the impact is greatest for children from low - income families.11 Differences in children's
cognitive abilities by income are evident at only nine months old and significantly widen by the time children are two years old.12 Children living in poverty are
more likely to be subject to stressful home environments — which can have lifelong impacts on learning, cognition, and self - regulation — while parents living in poverty have limited
resources to provide for their families and high barriers to accessing affordable, high - quality child care.13 High - quality early learning programs staffed by warm and responsive adults can help mitigate these effects, offering a safe and predictable learning environment that fosters children's development.14
Prostate cancer is an illness largely of late adulthood when numerous
resources may be
more limited (increased incidence of illness for both husband and wife, reduced income due to retirement, and declines in
cognitive function; see Berg & Upchurch, 2007).
During the prenatal and infant periods, families have been identified on the basis of socioeconomic risk (parental education, income, age8, 11) and / or other family (e.g. maternal depression) or child (e.g. prematurity and low birth weight12) risks; whereas with preschoolers a greater emphasis has been placed on the presence of child disruptive behaviour, delays in language /
cognitive impairment and / or
more pervasive developmental delays.6 With an increased emphasis on families from lower socioeconomic strata, who typically face multiple types of adversity (e.g. low parental educational attainment and work skills, poor housing, low social support, dangerous neighbourhoods), many parenting programs have incorporated components that provide support for parents» self - care (e.g. depression, birth - control planning), marital functioning and / or economic self - sufficiency (e.g. improving educational, occupational and housing
resources).8, 13,14 This trend to broaden the scope of «parenting» programs mirrors recent findings on early predictors of low - income children's social and emotional skills.