Brain: Your baby's brain will grow
more during infancy than during any other time.
Not exact matches
More than half of fathers were present for at least one visit
during pregnancy and toddlerhood, a figure that rose to 75 % in
infancy.
When researchers tracked 45 mother - child pairs from
infancy to age 7, they found that infants who were securely - attached
during infancy were
more likely to demonstrate emotional availability at age 7 (Easterbrooks et al 2000).
Now another group of studies, led by Notre Dame psychology professor Darcia Narvaez, confirms earlier work suggesting that children who get
more positive touch and affection
during infancy turn out to be kinder,
more intelligent and to care
more about others.
Babies who gain quickly
during infancy often start to slim down once they become
more mobile; ie.
More recently, those rules were relaxed considerably, although parents have still been vary wary of introducing peanuts
during infancy.
Many assume that the most taxing years for mothers are
during their children's
infancies, but the new research shows that far
more challenging is the middle school period.
Identical twins share all their genes; fraternal twins share no
more genes than normal siblings do, but they get exposed to the same environment in the womb and at home
during infancy.
More recently, Agence France - Presse reported a short piece in 2002 on a 38 - year - old man in Sri Lanka who nursed his two daughters through their
infancy after his wife died
during the birth of her second child.
Eating fish
more than three times a week
during pregnancy was associated with mothers giving birth to babies at increased risk of rapid growth in
infancy and of childhood obesity, according to an article published online by JAMA Pediatrics.
In the same Finnish cohort that found doses of vitamin D in excess of 2,000 IU per day
during infancy to powerfully protect against type 1 diabetes (see sidebar «Vitamin D and Type 1 Diabetes below), regular supplementation with vitamin D was associated with a 33 percent increased risk of atopy and allergic rhinitis compared to irregular or no supplementation; among those who supplemented regularly, the data suggested that supplementation with 2000 IU or
more per day may increase the risk of asthma by as much as four times compared to regular supplementation with lower doses, although the study lacked the statistical power to determine whether or not this apparent effect was due to chance.34
Autoimmune thyroid disease can show up at any time
during infancy or childhood, but they
more commonly appear
during puberty and adulthood.
The clear social gradient associated with children's vocabulary, emerging literacy, well - being and behaviour is evident from birth to school entry.1 These trajectories track into adolescence and correspond to poorer educational attainment, income and health across the life course.2 — 10 Neuroimaging research extends the evidence for these suboptimal trajectories, showing that children raised in poverty from
infancy are
more likely to have delayed brain growth with smaller volumetric size of the regions particularly responsible for executive functioning and language.11 This evidence supports the need for further effort to redress inequities that arise from the impact of adversity
during the potential developmental window of opportunity in early childhood.
To the contrary, we found that for the women visited
during pregnancy and their child's
infancy, there was a small and nonsignificant positive correlation between domestic violence and number of prenatal and postnatal nurse visits (r = 0.13), indicating that the presence of domestic violence was associated with slightly
more, rather than fewer, nurse visits.
Women who smoke
during pregnancy are at a higher risk for miscarriage and complications
during pregnancy and delivery.45 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking
during pregnancy leads to
more than 1,000 infant deaths each year.46 After giving birth, health risks continue through
infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
Depression, reflected in prolonged sadness and feelings of despair, is associated with less engaged, stimulating and proactive parenting, and with a range of social and cognitive problems in young children
during infancy, toddlerhood and the preschool years.4 Because young children are so dependent on their mothers for cognitive stimulation and social interaction, they are
more likely to be vulnerable to the impact of maternal depression than school - age children or adolescents.
Research has demonstrated that security of attachment
during infancy predicts aspects of social development
during childhood and adolescence, such as empathy, 3,4,5 social competence5, 6,7,8,9 and behaviour problems, 10,11,12 with secure attachment predicting
more optimal developmental outcomes and insecure attachment predicting behaviour and relationship difficulties.
For example, longer hours of child care
during infancy or
more changes in care may be harmful for children with certain temperamental characteristics, but beneficial or benign for others.
When researchers tracked 45 mother - child pairs from
infancy to age 7, they found that infants who were securely - attached
during infancy were
more likely to demonstrate emotional availability at age 7 (Easterbrooks et al 2000).
«Disturbances of personality, which include a bias to respond to loss with disordered mourning, are seen as the outcome of one or
more deviations in development that can originate or grow worse
during any of the years of
infancy, childhood and adolescence.»
For example, behaviours such as warm sensitivity (from an attachment framework) were best facilitated
during the
infancy phase, while those that were
more complex, as they had to be responsive to the child's changing developmental picture (e.g., contingent responsiveness), required both intervention phases.
Egeland emphasizes that security of attachment
during infancy has been consistently shown to predict aspects of social development
during childhood, with secure attachment relating to
more optimal developmental outcomes and insecure attachment predicting socioemotional maladaptation.