Temperatures may rise to levels where land ice melts, and feedbacks created by sea ice loss reinforce regional Arctic warming, which in turn could cause
more land ice to melt.
The Arctic scientists I've read expect more permafrost loss, more erosion, slowing of the jet stream (more extreme weather),
more land ice lost, potential slowing / disruption of the THC, more Arctic amplification.
Not exact matches
We've been sleeping
more than usual (I actually went to bed with Matthew at 7 pm earlier this week, waking only long enough to scarf down a tiny bowl of pasta for dinner before drifting off to la - la -
land again), eating our collective weight in local
ice cream, and touring small, nearby towns in the afternoons before heading back to the cottage for happy hour snack time.
Water heats
more slowly than
land, creating pressure differences that drive high - speed winds; fast - burning fires spawn flame - breathing vortices; the pressure waves of a plane on takeoff transform water into
ice.
But to hail this transformation as unprecedented is to do our mustachioed ancestors a disservice — an act of wanton disrespect made only
more unseemly when one considers that they were born and lived and went to their graves without ever once waking up on a birthday morning, scraping the
ice off their laptops, and receiving salutations from a distant
land in the form of an abysmal, not - quite - functioning cartoon of chickens — one year it was elephants — either attempting, or pretending, to dance.
More than once we had lost one of our four engines, and in 1987 a giant crack became persistently visible along the edge of the Larsen B
ice shelf, off the Antarctic Peninsula — making it abundantly clear that an emergency
landing would be no gentle touchdown.
As a result of such breakups,
more than 150 cubic kilometers of glacial
ice has slid off
land into the ocean.
During
ice ages, which are mainly driven by rhythmic variations in Earth's orbit and spin that alter sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere, growing
ice caps and glaciers trap so much frozen water on
land that sea levels can drop a hundred meters or
more.
One «growing phenomenon in the Arctic [is] polar bears foraging on
land as their primary habitat, sea
ice, retreats,» Kintisch writes, which makes field work even
more dangerous, and difficult, than it would be otherwise.
Arctic sea
ice dwindles and glaciers atop mountains in
more temperate and even tropical
lands retreat.
The authors also found that surface temperatures in the Arctic are
more sensitive to the amount of sea
ice than to the amount of
land - based
ice.
That is because the enormous glacier, which constitutes 10 percent of the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet, is thinning rapidly, allowing more and more of its land - based ice to reach the s
Ice Sheet, is thinning rapidly, allowing
more and
more of its
land - based
ice to reach the s
ice to reach the sea.
Already,
more than 12 per cent of Earth's
ice - free
land is used continuously for crops and 16 per cent for livestock.
A 15 - meter pan-sharpened Landsat 8 image of the Mount Takahe volcano rising
more than 2,000 meters (1.2 miles) above the surrounding West Antarctic
ice sheet in Marie Byrd
Land, West Antarctica.
Because
ice on airplane wings can add weight and decrease lift, making takeoffs and
landings more dangerous, airplanes are sprayed with antifreeze prior to departure in wintry weather.
The team concludes that
more bears are building their dens on
land because the Arctic
ice is diminishing and becoming less stable.
--
ice a few feet or yards thick, floating over a deep ocean;
ice more than a mile thick, over
land; or a mainly rocky, mountainous landscape.
Loss of
ice would mean
more mercury in the air would
land directly on water, instead of bouncing back as a gas.
If all the
ice in Greenland were to melt in coming decades (an unlikely scenario), it would raise sea levels by seven meters (
more than 20 feet)-- enough to swamp New Orleans, Florida's coast, Bangladesh and the Netherlands, among other low - lying
lands.
As sea
ice disappears, polar bears are being forced to hunt
more on
land, which brings them into conflict with humans and increases contact with brown bears.
When the weight disappears, then the
land rises and even though it has been
more than 10,000 years since the
ice disappeared, the
land is still rising.
Because Kaktovik's polar bears seem especially susceptible to the Arctic's shrinking sea
ice, researchers are concerned they may start relying
more heavily on nutrient - poor food from
land.
As their hunting behavior shifts from
ice to
land, the polar bears «have progressively arrived earlier and earlier to have access to
more eggs,» says biologist Børge Moe, another principal author of the study who works at the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research in Kongsfjorden, where seabird egg predation is just beginning to increase.
Heat - reflecting white
ice has given way to heat - absorbing dark water; snow has melted ever earlier on surrounding
lands;
more heat - trapping moisture has entered the atmosphere; and bigger waves and storms have assailed weakening
ice.
Leaving aside the collapse of the Larsen - B
ice shelf and other
ice shelves in Antarctica, is it too simplistic to expect that dramatic changes should be anticipated first in the Arctic because it is sea covered by a few meters of sea
ice and therefore
more susceptible to change, in comparison to Antarctica (which is obviously
land covered by glacial
ice up to several kilometers thick in places)?
Whilst it's natural to start with air temperatures, a
more thorough examination should be as inclusive as possible; snow cover,
ice melt, air temperatures over
land and sea, even the sea temperatures themselves.
Ice moving from land to sea does raise sea level, just as dumping more ice into your drink raises the level of liqu
Ice moving from
land to sea does raise sea level, just as dumping
more ice into your drink raises the level of liqu
ice into your drink raises the level of liquid.
Warming oceans and melting
land ice have caused oceans to rise about seven inches since 1900, which has also led to
more frequent coastal flooding.
If these polar continents lose a mile or
more of
ice from their
land surface, there will be less mass, and so some of the water now attracted to those polar
land masses will dissipate, and go elsewhere.
The accelerating melting of
land ice into the sea makes the surface of the ocean around Antarctica colder, less salty and
more easily frozen, leading to extensive sea
ice in some areas.
Once an
ice shelf is removed,
land ice can flow
more easily into the sea.
Ice builds up and spreads out, reflecting more energy, dumping more ice and ice cold water into the oceans and on land until earth coo
Ice builds up and spreads out, reflecting
more energy, dumping
more ice and ice cold water into the oceans and on land until earth coo
ice and
ice cold water into the oceans and on land until earth coo
ice cold water into the oceans and on
land until earth cools.
However, if the remaining
ice shelf collapses or starts losing mass
more rapidly, it could effectively unplug the glaciers next to the shelf, sending
land - based
ice into Southern Ocean, and contributing to sea level rise.
With higher precipitation, portions of this snow may not melt during the summer and so glacial
ice can form at lower altitudes and
more southerly latitudes, reducing the temperatures over
land by increased albedo as noted above.
Meanwhile, as oceans heat up, thermal expansion causes sea levels that are already rising from the melting of
land ice (triggered by higher air and sea temperatures) to rise even
more.
If an
ice sheet were ablated down to bare ground, less light from the sun would be reflected back into space and
more would be absorbed by the
land.
Land - based
ice, on the other hand, is much
more troublesome.
That in turn means all the
land ice will have nothing to stop it from sliding into the ocean and raising sea levels
more than 10 feet.
«This deposit is probably
more accessible than most water
ice on Mars, because it is at a relatively low latitude and it lies in a flat, smooth area where
landing a spacecraft would be easier than at some of the other areas with buried
ice,» researcher Jack Holt of the University of Texas said in a statement.
Indigenous people have inhabited the
land we now call Australia for at least 50,000 years... The Pilbara region's Burrup Peninsula is the site of
more than a million petroglyphs, dating back in time to the last
Ice Age.
Three independent movies from this year deserve a special mention... Bill Morrison's documentary Dawson City: Frozen Time, the socio - political history of a gold rush town, illustrated with film stock recovered from beneath an abandoned
ice rink... Oxide Ghosts, director Michael Cumming's assemblage of VHS outtakes from the influential,
more relevant than ever TV news satire Brass Eye... and Dispossession, a restrained documentary about the housing crisis that's provoked fiercely energetic audience discussions up and down the
land, culminating in a panel discussion at Curzon Chelsea with director Paul Sng, author Anna Minton and Jeremy Corbyn MP.
Tonya didn't possess many of the qualities the snobby figure skating world expected from its stars — she was
more athlete than
ice capades — but her talent was undeniable when she became the first American female skater to ever
land a triple axel at the 1991 World Championships.
Christmas at the Princess From Thanksgiving through New Year's Eve, this enchanting hotel glistens with holiday splendor featuring a four - story musical tree that plays 17 songs to 70,000 synchronized lights, plus the Desert
Ice Skating Rink (made of real ice), S'mores Land with the Polar Ice Glide and a new Build - A-Bear Workshop, 4.5 million dazzling Lagoon Lights, new Copper Canyon light & music show, Santa's Secret Headquarters and holiday friends such as Peppermint Penguin, Princess Noel, Graham the s» more, Shivers the yeti and Selfie Elf
Ice Skating Rink (made of real
ice), S'mores Land with the Polar Ice Glide and a new Build - A-Bear Workshop, 4.5 million dazzling Lagoon Lights, new Copper Canyon light & music show, Santa's Secret Headquarters and holiday friends such as Peppermint Penguin, Princess Noel, Graham the s» more, Shivers the yeti and Selfie Elf
ice), S'mores
Land with the Polar
Ice Glide and a new Build - A-Bear Workshop, 4.5 million dazzling Lagoon Lights, new Copper Canyon light & music show, Santa's Secret Headquarters and holiday friends such as Peppermint Penguin, Princess Noel, Graham the s» more, Shivers the yeti and Selfie Elf
Ice Glide and a new Build - A-Bear Workshop, 4.5 million dazzling Lagoon Lights, new Copper Canyon light & music show, Santa's Secret Headquarters and holiday friends such as Peppermint Penguin, Princess Noel, Graham the s»
more, Shivers the yeti and Selfie Elfie.
- as Captain Olimar is making his way home, an asteroid onslaught forces him to
land on a nearby planet - Sparklium is the fuel for Olimar's Dolphin III ship - with the ship's fuel depleted, you have to find items on this planet which can be turned into fuel - collect everything from seeds to large scale treasures - you need 30,000 Sparklium to make your way home - you are eventually required to find a lost ship part at the end of the game - levels are
more linear and puzzle based, and include specific goals / goodies to collect - move Captain Olimar with the Circle Pad, while all other interactions use the touchscreen - blow your whistle, throw Pikmin and also touch certain objects - worlds are called Sectors, with six areas altogether - find all the treasure and look for new passageways to complete a sector 100 % - passageways can grant you access to secret spots or additional levels highlighted with the letter X - the first world is called Brilliant Garden, which has lush forest environments - Yellow Pikmin can easily reach the upper screen, where you can sometimes collect goodies and pull down vines - there's a level where you use yellow Pikmin as a source to connect two wires - connecting the wires lets you see enemies and platforms that were hidden in the shadows - Winged Pikmin can be flung at high speeds, and they can pick up Olimar and help him descend down into new areas - in a later level, you need to use red Pikmin to stomp out fire and clear the way for you - Rock Pikmin are the strongest ones of the bunch and can break crystals - blue Pikmin can swim and fight well underwater - the maximum amount of Pikmin you can have in a stage is 20 - blow your whistle to call over the correct Pikmin for a task or puzzle - Ravaged Rustworks offers a unique industrial environment where you climb on pipes - Loney Tower has you climbing to the top of a tower without any help of Pikmin, and instead use pipes and Olimar's jetpack - Valley of the Breeze, found in the Leafswirl Lagoon sector, relies complete on Winged Pikmin - Barriers of Flame is in the Sweltering Parchlands sector - here you «lll be forced to improvise with Yellow and Rock Pikmin to get around fire - every world ends with a boss stage - one boss fight puts you up against a Fiery Blowhog, where you use Red Pikmin to pick up / feed bombs to the boss - beating bosses gives you treasures worth 1,000 Sparklium each - supports amiibo in the Splatoon, Super Mario and Animal Crossing lines - amiibo can be scanned in to grant you access to secret spots - these are one room puzzle challenges where you collect a statue - these bonus rooms will also get you 200 Sparklium every time - you are limited by how many amiibo you can summon to each secret spot - one of the treasures you will find is an NES cartridge for
Ice Climbers, which carries the name «Revenge Fantasy».
Each island represents a different «
land» of the Mario world:
ice, lava, sky and
more.
The desert,
ice, and sky - themed
lands in particular would become staples (with the former most often found in the second world) of the series, especially when Nintendo decided to do
more 2D platformers beginning with New Super Mario Bros. on the Nintendo DS in 2006, while a variety of other styles would emerge over the years as well.
Even sounds as simple as walking changed between walking on
ice or walking on leafy fall grass, and my addiction to needless, unending jumping was even
more enchanting when my
landings sounded different based on the season.
Leaving aside the collapse of the Larsen - B
ice shelf and other
ice shelves in Antarctica, is it too simplistic to expect that dramatic changes should be anticipated first in the Arctic because it is sea covered by a few meters of sea
ice and therefore
more susceptible to change, in comparison to Antarctica (which is obviously
land covered by glacial
ice up to several kilometers thick in places)?
Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from
ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing
more land, and from
more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on
ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on
ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing
more and
more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea
ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the
ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the
ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)
These wildfires release soot into the atmosphere, which accelerates the rate of melting of glaciers, snow and
ice it
lands upon, which can lead to less reflectivity, meaning
more of the sun's heat is absorbed, leading to
more global warming, which leads to even
more wildfires, not to mention greater sea level rise, which is already threatening coastal areas around the world.