Not exact matches
Teachers understand this, but when students run into trouble in
school, Tough writes,
schools often respond by imposing
more control, not less, via stern discipline such as
out -
of school suspensions, «further diminishing their fragile sense
of autonomy.»
Students with disabilities get
more than their share
of suspensions and expulsions — and that can lead many
of them to drop
out of school.
As said by Generation Later in 2013: «In one national longitudinal study, youth with a prior
suspension were 68 percent
more likely to drop
out of school.»
Since 2006,
out -
of -
school suspensions have declined, with
more recent declines in expulsions (see Figure 1).
Notably, new evidence from Nick Mader and colleagues in Chicago finds that there may be few (if any) costs to
school climate associated with reducing the length
of out -
of -
school suspensions for
more serious student misconduct.
But on average, these
schools handed down
out -
of -
school suspensions to
more students than those without in -
school suspension rooms, a Catalyst Chicago analysis found.
Schools in Mississippi give Black students
more than one -
out -
of -
school suspension three times as often as they do to White students; Michigan does this four times as often to Black as White students, resulting in nearly a fifth
of Michigan's Black students being kept
out of the classroom at some point in their
school careers.
The Justice Center study also found that «Students who experienced
suspension or expulsion, especially those who did so repeatedly, were
more likely to be held back a grade or drop
out of school than students who were not involved in the disciplinary system.»
As to causation, the racial
school discipline disparities in Milwaukee are similar to those in Jacksonville: a Black student is
more than twice as likely to be punished with an
out -
of -
school suspension as is a White student.
The graph shows a simple correlation between black - white discipline disparities (the percentage
of black students given one or
more out -
of -
school suspensions in 2013 — 14 divided by the percentage
of white students given the same) versus black - white poverty disparities (the percentage
of black children between the ages
of five and seventeen in the district living below the poverty line divided by the percentage
of white children living below the poverty line).
Despite the growing number
of police referrals and
out -
of -
school suspensions in the state over the past five years, prevention and intervention programs have proven to be
more effective and
more...
About one in six black students received an
out -
of -
school suspension during the 2009 — 10 U.S.
school year —
more than three times the rate
of white students — according to a new analysis
of data collected by the U.S. Department
of Education's Office for Civil Rights.
More importantly, as Linda Raffaele Mendez and Howard Knoff
of the University
of South Florida have noted in a 2003 study, the use
of out -
of -
school suspensions has little value as a deterrent against violence in
schools.
Only Queen Anne's County, one
of the smallest districts represented by Harris, experienced something
of a decline in
out -
of -
school suspensions; one or
more suspensions were meted
out to 2.2 percent
of its students in 2013 - 2014, only a slight drop over the 2.4 percent rate in 2011 - 2012.
The number
of out -
of -
school suspensions fell by
more than 30 % from 2013 to 2015.
It meted
out one or
more out -
of -
school suspensions to 1,339 children in regular classrooms, or 3.5 percent
of the students, in 2013 - 2014.
Wicomico County meted
out one or
more out -
of -
school suspensions to 16.7 percent
of Black children under its watch in 2013 - 2014, a five-fold increase over the 3.2 percent
suspension rate in 2011 - 2012.
State Department
of Education data shows that
more than 80 percent
of third - graders and 71 percent
of fifth - graders can't read at grade level, and the
school's 8 percent
suspension rate is the second highest
out of all elementary
schools in the LAUSD.
Summary: The high numbers
of suspensions in US
schools have sparked an important debate among educators, physicians, and lawmakers on the effectiveness
of Out of School Suspension (OSS), with particular emphasis on whether it does
more harm than good.
I am defending teachers» right to issue in -
school suspensions and administrators» right to issue
out -
of -
school suspensions, mainly because removing problem students makes it possible to continue teaching... Read
More
And, we've made great strides in reducing
out -
of -
school suspensions, but we know there is
more progress to be made,» says Dr. Janice K. Jackson, Chief Executive Officer at Chicago Public
Schools.
But statistics showing African - American students in the district were eight times
more likely to get an
out -
of -
school suspension than white students last year raises questions about whether the discipline code works against efforts to close the achievement gap.
The district is working hard through our restorative justice approach to minimize disciplinary measures, such as
out -
of -
school suspensions, that typically categorize students instead
of helping them
more effectively communicate their needs by understanding their own behaviors and emotional state.
He finds that African American students are much
more likely to be identified for special education, to be diagnosed with Emotional Disorders (ED), to be removed from mainstream classrooms into
more restrictive environments, and to experience
out -
of -
school suspensions than are White or Asian students.
There were
more than 200
out -
of -
school suspensions for every 100 students in the 2013 - 14
school year, meaning many students were suspended
more than once, according to district data.
For Black girls in particular, the disparity is even worse — while they account for 20 percent
of female enrollment, they represent 54 percent
of girls receiving one or
more out -
of -
school suspensions.
Students were added to the watchlist based on the following criteria: 64 % or lower in Math, English Language Arts, Social Studies, or Science, five or
more unexcused absences, or five or
more in -
school or
out -
of -
school suspensions.
During the 2013 — 2014
school year, the Department
of Education's Office
of Civil Rights reported that black students were 3.8 times
more likely than white students to receive an
out -
of -
school suspension.
Black children represent 18 percent
of preschool enrollment but make up 48 percent
of preschool children receiving
more than one
out -
of -
school suspension, according to the study released by the Education Department's Office for Civil Rights in March.
«These students still need the protections
of IDEA because they are
more likely to receive
out -
of -
school suspensions,
more likely to be referred to law enforcement and
more likely to be arrested in
school.»
Black boys represented 19 percent
of preschool boys and 45 percent
of male preschoolers receiving one or
more out -
of -
school suspensions.
The report discusses
more effective responses to misbehavior than
out -
of -
school suspensions.
Black children comprised 18 percent
of pre-K enrollment and represented 48 percent
of children in that category receiving
more than one
out -
of -
school suspension.
→
More limited use
of out -
of -
school suspension, in -
school suspension, and removal
of students from the classroom
As for alternatives, the report cited the dramatic shift in Baltimore City public
schools, where
out -
of -
school suspensions fell by
more than 50 percent under policies set in place by Superintendent Andres Alonso.
Students at risk
of dropping
out are significantly
more likely than their peers to miss
school due to family responsibilities, logistical problems, skipping,
out of school suspensions and legal reasons.
Tuck said
more training for teachers must accompany fewer
out -
of -
school suspensions.
Meanwhile Ferguson - Florissant meted
out one or
more in -
school suspensions to 28 percent
of black special ed kids, while St. Louis only subjected 8.5 percent
of black kids in special ed to such discipline.
For example, one
school saw a dramatic improvement in five high - priority metrics included in the culture plan, including a 59 % reduction in the amount
of out -
of -
school suspensions between the 2012 - 13 and 2013 - 14
school years, a 56 % reduction in classroom off - task / disruptive behaviors across nine grade levels, and an increase from 57.2 % to 59 % in Academic Performance Index in just one
school year, with a Value Added grade
of C for the first time in
more than five years.
This analysis, which includes
more than 5,250 charter
schools, focuses on
out -
of -
school suspension rates at the elementary and secondary levels.
California defines chronic absenteeism as missing 10 percent or
more of the typical 180 - day
school year, or the equivalent
of about one month
of school, due to excused and unexcused absences, as well as
out -
of -
school suspensions.
It had
more than 160
out -
of -
school suspensions.
A community centered approach to improving the high drop -
out rate
of students would have to include a discussion
of why it is that African American students are far
more likely to receive harsh disciplinary action such as
suspension and expulsion in
schools.
More than half
of the
out -
of -
school suspensions occurred in charter
schools, according to the report.
Likewise, Cruz pointed
out, including graduation rates would induce
schools to provide
more counseling and career services for young people, and adding in
suspension and expulsion rates would drive a state movement to greatly reduce the number
of kids being sent away from
school.
[10] For
more information, see DC Municipal Regulations for District
of Columbia Public
Schools, Chapter B24, Dress Codes / Uniforms (under no circumstance shall a student who fails to abide by a mandatory uniform policy be given
out -
of -
school suspension or otherwise be barred from attending
school, but a fourth offense
of a mandatory uniform policy may subject a student, at the principal's discretion, to on - site
suspension).
The only two
schools where
suspensions were given
out were BASIS Mesa, with a mere two white students receiving one or
more in -
school suspensions,
out of 351 total students, and BASIS Tucson North, where two Hispanic students received one or
more in -
school suspensions,
out of 913 students.
This is alarming because D.C. doesn't have a full picture
of current in -
school suspension, and if
more schools start to substitute this practice for
out -
of -
school suspensions, there is a real risk
of exclusionary discipline persisting but obscured from view.
Summary: The high numbers
of suspensions in US
schools have sparked an important debate among educators, physicians, and lawmakers on the effectiveness
of Out of School Suspension (OSS), with particular emphasis on whether it does
more harm than good.
In states like California where zero - tolerance discipline policies are enforced, they've been handing
out more suspensions than diplomas every year.2 And students are not being suspended for
school safety issues; on the contrary, close to half
of the
suspensions were for «willful defiance,» which can include things like disrespectful behavior or dress code violations.