Sentences with phrase «more stratospheric»

A world with higher GHGs and more stratospheric aerosols is not the same as a world with neither.

More ozone above the tropopause causes more stratospheric warming, forcing the tropopause down, which pushes the climate zones away from the equator.

I believe it is actually lower near the poles so this could introduce even more stratospheric bleed.

More recent work is suggesting a sulphur effect this century of 0.1 W / m ^ 2 — more stratospheric than Chinese.

This would tend to reduce the potential for TOA forcing even more, leading to more stratospheric cooling in response to an increase in CO2; however, the presence of such a substance would itself make the inital stratospheric temperature warmer than otherwise.

However, models do not get quite the same distribution of warming seen in the observations; the observations tend to show less tropospheric warming and more stratospheric cooling in tropical regions (e.g. 20 South to 20 North).

Not exact matches

Nick Clegg enjoyed stratospheric ratings during last year's election when voters had some doubts about David Cameron and more about Gordon Brown.

Determining whether humans or volcanoes explain more of the increase in stratospheric aerosols is the focus of ongoing research, says PhD candidate Ryan Neely of the University of Colorado, who contributed to the NOAA research.

N2O could become 50 per cent more destructive as stratospheric CFCs return to pre-industrial levels.

Although a more detailed understanding of the physics of the two layers is necessary to improve the computer models, the stratospheric effects can simply be used as another factor to incorporate into statistical predictions.

On its own, the stratospheric cooling could make bad ozone years in the Arctic more common.

Bolden was challenged by Wolf and other lawmakers on several elements of the administration's 2015 budget proposal, including the decision to continue funding a controversial asteroid capture mission, and the decision to mothball the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) if NASA can't find more partners to share the cost.

Experts say the study provides the strongest evidence yet that a degraded stratospheric ozone layer causes more hazardous conditions for life on the planet's surface.

Because of this, and the lower density of air in the stratosphere, he says, «stratospheric emissions generally cause larger perturbations» and so cause more concern.

In addition, the larger than expected loss of UV light meant less stratospheric ozone up to 45 kilometers above the surface, but more above that line.

The Stratospheric Particle Injection for Climate Engineering (SPICE), a 2010 - 2015 collaboration between the Universities of Bristol, Cambridge, Oxford and Edinburgh, considered some more exotic SRM machines.

We present a detailed description of our data... ▽ More Here we report on the first successful exoplanet transit observation with the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA).

Very little of the infrared spectrum from space reaches to sea - level, although more of it can be observed by high - altitude aircraft, such as the SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy), or telescopes on high mountaintops (such as the peak of Mauna Loa in Hawaii).

You've got the radiative physics, the measurements of ocean temperature and land temperature, the changes in ocean heat content (Hint — upwards, whereas if if was just a matter of circulation moving heat around you might expect something more simple) and of course observed predictions such as stratospheric cooling which you don't get when warming occurs from oceanic circulation.

There is nothing that is more important than bringing these stratospheric class sizes down if we want our children to succeed.

Coupled with the standard 35 - inch BF Goodrich all - terrain tires, the package should be more than adept at tackling boulders or landing a stratospheric jump.

And there can be few more refined motorway cars, especially as the gearbox's stratospheric eighth gear means the engine stays under 2000rpm even at brisk cruising speeds.

Powered by the unique V8, 4.0 - litre, 309 kW engine, producing 400 Nm of torque and revving to a stratospheric 8,400 rpm red line, the BMW M3 Sedan adds the most practical of body shells complete with five seats and substantial luggage capacity, so even more passengers can enjoy this magnificent, race - bred engine on full song.

It revs up to a stratospheric 9,000 rpm, 500 more than before.

Now the Classic Car market has gone stratospheric on values, attention has been... [Read More...]

With both gold and silver, we saw an extended period of time where prices rose to stratospheric levels, and more recently, advocates have watched in abject horror as prices of both gold and silver have literally collapsed.

Gamers might not have been asking for such a stratospheric shift in perspective and gameplay as we had seen during the jump between the series» first and second titles, but were we right to demand something more than just Fallout 3 on steroids?

And since we don't have good ocean heat content data, nor any satellite observations, or any measurements of stratospheric temperatures to help distinguish potential errors in the forcing from internal variability, it is inevitable that there will be more uncertainty in the attribution for that period than for more recently.

There are more polar stratospheric clouds observed now than ever before.

It isn't an isolated conclusion from a single study, but comes from an assessment of the changing patterns of surface and tropospheric warming, stratospheric cooling, ocean heat content changes, land - ocean contrasts, etc. that collectively demonstrate that there are detectable changes occurring which we can attempt to attribute to one or more physical causes.

(PS regarding Venus — as I have understood it, a runaway water vapor feedback would have occured when solar heating increasing to become greater than a limiting OLR value (Simpson - Kombayashi - Ingersoll limit — see http://chriscolose.wordpress.com/2010/08/23/climate-feedbacks-part-1/ — although I should add that at more «moderate» temperatures (warmer than today), stratospheric H2O increases to a point where H escape to space becomes a significant H2O sink — if that stage worked fast enough relative to solar brightening, a runaway H2O case could be prevented, and it would be a dry (er) heat.

MSU - 4 is a record of lower stratospheric temperatures, MSU - 2 is mainly mid-troposphere combined with a significant chunk of the lower stratosphere, and MSU - 2LT is an attempt to use more viewing angles to try remove the stratospheric influence from MSU - 2 and leave a lower - tropospheric record.

Given the much more rapid respons time of the stratosphere to radiative forcings, there is (can be) some initial stratospheric cooling (or at least some cooling somewhere in the stratosphere), which consists of a transient component, and a component that remains at full equilibrium.

Less TOA cooling will occur if bands are placed where, in the upper atmosphere or near TOA, they absorb more of the increases in radiation from below from surface + tropospheric (+ lower stratospheric) warming.

This results in more heat - trapping stratospheric clouds, and more hurricanes.

The main points of that solution are to show that (1) for making temperature increase with height, it's not enough to have a stratospheric absorber; you need one with the right vertical profile, and (2) you can get stratospheric cooling in response to increased IR opacity because you get rid of more of the absorbed solar locally.

Rather, as opacity increases due to increased CO2 or other ghgs, the stratospheric temperature deviates more and more from the radiating temperature in the stratosphere for the opaque region.

Warming must occur below the tropopause to increase the net LW flux out of the tropopause to balance the tropopause - level forcing; there is some feedback at that point as the stratosphere is «forced» by the fraction of that increase which it absorbs, and a fraction of that is transfered back to the tropopause level — for an optically thick stratosphere that could be significant, but I think it may be minor for the Earth as it is (while CO2 optical thickness of the stratosphere alone is large near the center of the band, most of the wavelengths in which the stratosphere is not transparent have a more moderate optical thickness on the order of 1 (mainly from stratospheric water vapor; stratospheric ozone makes a contribution over a narrow wavelength band, reaching somewhat larger optical thickness than stratospheric water vapor)(in the limit of an optically thin stratosphere at most wavelengths where the stratosphere is not transparent, changes in the net flux out of the stratosphere caused by stratospheric warming or cooling will tend to be evenly split between upward at TOA and downward at the tropopause; with greater optically thickness over a larger fraction of optically - significant wavelengths, the distribution of warming or cooling within the stratosphere will affect how such a change is distributed, and it would even be possible for stratospheric adjustment to have opposite effects on the downward flux at the tropopause and the upward flux at TOA).

The changes in the stratosphere and feedback via Planck response to the troposphere will tend to be more similar for the same tropopause - level forcing after the initial stratospheric adjustment.

I don't really have a suitable plot in Chapter 4 to address this question, since the real - gas results in Chapter 4 are computed holding the surface temperature fixed while you make the atmosphere more optically thick (in which case you do get stratospheric cooling, but that's not the same thing you're talking about).

Gavin — I don't mean to belabor the topic of STRATOSPHERIC COOLING (see # 3 and # 14), but it seems to be an important area of both interest and uncertainty for many people, and so I'd like to pose one more set of comments / questions to you before exhausting my own familiarity with the topic.

«Climate models show cooler stratospheric temperatures happen when there is more water vapor present» «The stratosphere is the typically dry layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, where temperatures increase with height.»

The three different ozone databases yield changes in tropical lower stratospheric temperatures that differ by more than a factor of two at 70 mbar, although all have qualitatively similar seasonal cycles.

Stratospheric Paradox: there's always more ozone than you are told.

The exact mechanism there is not as clear as the stratospheric mechanism, but the possibility of actually trying it out on a limited scale is much more attractive, because you could create a little particle generator and put it under some clouds and see whether they were, indeed, brightened.

The AO during winter 2009 - 2010 was of a different origin from winter 2010 - 2011, with 2009 - 2010 showing stratospheric origin and 2010 - 2011 showing a more surface origin.

It seems ironic therefore, but plausible all the same, that an episode of cooling through «natural» SRM might be more readily interpreted as an «emergency» and (ab) used to justify human efforts to take control of the climate system through stratospheric aerosol injection than accelerated warming.

In the Antarctic, essentially complete removal of lower - stratospheric ozone currently results in an ozone hole every year, whereas in the Arctic, ozone loss is highly variable and has until now been much more limited.

For instance, what is the usual response of a CAGW movement supporter to learning that, under their own climate sensitivity assumptions, other forms of geoengineering than CO2 cutbacks could neutralize the predicted warming for < = ~ 1 % the cost and with lesser biological side - effects (such as stratospheric dispersion of micron - scale reflective dust staying suspended for months at appropriate altitude, in radiative forcing neutralizing orders of magnitude more than its own mass in CO2)?

[Our study] reinforces the need for climate models to include fully coupled stratospheric dynamical - radiative - chemical processes if they are to more accurately simulate and predict future climate variations.»