Experts are expecting three
more upward adjustments during 2017.
Not exact matches
The central scenario is a rate - normalization (
upward adjustment) will occur, but the
more extreme scenario is that maybe that normalization comes in the
more distant future.
Moms need
more self - love, because if it took 9 months to put on the baby weight, it can take
upward of a year for mom to make
adjustments to her post-baby body.
Warming must occur below the tropopause to increase the net LW flux out of the tropopause to balance the tropopause - level forcing; there is some feedback at that point as the stratosphere is «forced» by the fraction of that increase which it absorbs, and a fraction of that is transfered back to the tropopause level — for an optically thick stratosphere that could be significant, but I think it may be minor for the Earth as it is (while CO2 optical thickness of the stratosphere alone is large near the center of the band, most of the wavelengths in which the stratosphere is not transparent have a
more moderate optical thickness on the order of 1 (mainly from stratospheric water vapor; stratospheric ozone makes a contribution over a narrow wavelength band, reaching somewhat larger optical thickness than stratospheric water vapor)(in the limit of an optically thin stratosphere at most wavelengths where the stratosphere is not transparent, changes in the net flux out of the stratosphere caused by stratospheric warming or cooling will tend to be evenly split between
upward at TOA and downward at the tropopause; with greater optically thickness over a larger fraction of optically - significant wavelengths, the distribution of warming or cooling within the stratosphere will affect how such a change is distributed, and it would even be possible for stratospheric
adjustment to have opposite effects on the downward flux at the tropopause and the
upward flux at TOA).
From what little my little pea sized brain can understand it that most of the
adjustments for UHI seem to
more often than not to not change the urban stations to any useful extent down but to adjust the rural stations
upward to match the urban set.
The 2008 K&T cartoon gives a NET
upward radiation flux from the surface of 33w / m2 with a downward
adjustment to water vapour to 76w / m2 and conduction to 16w / m2 but the point holds; that point is
more net heat is leaving the surface through methods other than radiation, particularly water; that to me means 2 things; water is a dominant mover of heat compared to CO2 and the sun's 168/166 w / m2 is a far
more dominant heater than CO2 backradiation.
The sudden
upward step - change shift of the «CRN5 / CRN1» difference (around 1958) is pronounced,
more so in the raw data than the adjusted data, which indicates the USHCN
adjustments «distribute» the shift, making it seem
more evenly time - dependent than the raw data shows.
Adjustments downward or
upward to the listing price should be made where the home sales being compared have fewer or
more bedrooms / bathrooms, amenities and other features.