Sentences with phrase «most cognitive studies»

Although most cognitive studies focus on clinically low birthweight groups, confirmation of this association across the full birthweight range in the normal population is of particular interest, since this would imply that explanatory factors are similarly distributed in the general population.

Not exact matches

«At almost any given age, most of us are getting better at some things and worse at others,» Joshua Hartshorne, an MIT cognitive science researcher and the lead author of a study looking at how intelligence changes as we age, told Business Insider.

Certainly nothing like the furor surrounding the 1994 study, The Bell Curve, by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, which purportedly demonstrated, not to put too fine a point on it, the cognitive inferiority of most blacks.

In our study, we found that habitual chocolate users performed better in all cognitive tests and had significantly reduced risk for poor test performance in most tests, whereas the mean intake of chocolate among users was as little as < 8 g / d.

According to Robert Hall, professor of pediatrics at the University of Missouri School of Medicine in Kansas City, there was no statistical difference in growth, language development, vision or cognitive development among the children studied, although in most categories the breast - fed infants did show slightly better performance.

For example, one study comparing breast and formula fed siblings found no differences on any cognitive / educational achievement measures, behavioural indicators (including parental attachment) and most physical health measures (including BMI and obesity).

These findings are all consistent with the growing body of literature on the impact of adverse childhood experiences on neurological, cognitive, emotional and social development, as well as physical health.38 Although some studies have found no relation between physical punishment and negative outcomes, 35 and others have found the relation to be moderated by other factors, 12 no study has found physical punishment to have a long - term positive effect, and most studies have found negative effects.17

Most previous studies have compared breast fed children with children who were exclusively formula fed, but some studies have found that the correlation between breast feeding and cognitive ability increases with a longer duration of breast feeding.3 13 30 A Finnish study of 1163 children found a mean difference of 2.4 points on a cognitive test at 6 months of age between children breast fed for less than five months, compared to children breast fed for at least five months.10

In a study of a homogeneous (similar age, SES and education) population where mothers had a favourable environment and most infants were breastfed, the duration of breastfeeding clearly made a difference in cognitive development at 13 months and five years.

We've followed SFL reading ability development over several years and studied which cognitive and linguistic tasks are most promising for predicting literacy skills in several languages», says Alderson.

The first study, published in the October 2010 issue of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, found that self - guided, Internet - based cognitive - behavior therapy (CBT) reduced social phobia symptoms in most of the participants.

«Further studies are needed to assess which collective therapies should be utilized in the most vulnerable patients with severe sepsis to prevent cognitive and physical disability and predict which early interventions will impact outcome.»

They found that the most obvious positive impact of technology on education was reflected in cognitive tools that helped show what was being studied — like a demonstration of how a cell divides, or the details of the internal organs of a medical patient.

«We had speculated during the design of the study that the choices not to drink at all might require the most cognitive effort, but that didn't seem to be the case.

«I think she might be the most interesting amnesic to have been studied in this level of detail,» cognitive scientist Michael McCloskey of Johns Hopkins University is quoted as saying.

«Future studies will look at which patients with MS might respond most to cognitive remediation, and whether these improvements can be enhanced or sustained over longer periods of time.»

He is also unconvinced by the team's assertion that most studies fail to take account of fluctuations in our cognitive prowess that happen over a period of hours or days and might affect results more than a short sharp zap in the head.

Co-led by Phil McAleer and Pascal Belin, cognitive psychologists at the University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom, the researchers created a model voice based on the average acoustical characteristics of the eight voices the 2014 study had rated as most and least trustworthy.

The most tantalizing result of Cohn's study (recently published in Cognitive Psychology) emerged when he showed subjects panels arranged so that they had a narrative arc but didn't add up to a meaningful story.

Nearly half of them reported «serious» forgetfulness in the study, and the women who described the most problems with concentration and memory also scored worse on the cognitive tests.

«Most clinical studies observe cognitive impairment after a stroke event, said Kumar Rajan, Ph.D., lead author of the study and assistant professor of internal medicine at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, IL.

The disease, which in its most typical form is characterized by irregular remissions and acute attacks can create a state of increased anxiety in patients, and, according to scientists, can have negative cognitive / emotional effects as well, even influencing moral cognition in patients, as was observed in the recent study.

Most importantly for the study's researchers, «It puts the final nail in the coffin of the idea that small brains constrain insects»» cognitive abilities, says co-author Lars Chittka, a behavioral ecologist also at Queen Mary University of London.

The birds we prize most for their songs sound most like the human voice, says Robert Zatorre, a cognitive neuroscientist at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, who was not involved in the study.

In most clinical studies, women with T2DM show a higher burden of risk factors and comorbidities as well as more cognitive and physical functional limitations than males do (335, 336).

As it is unclear whether sparse or nonsparse combinations of FC patterns are most appropriate, and as this affects their interpretation and use as markers of cognitive processing, the goal of our study was to evaluate the impact of sparsity by performing an empirical evaluation of simulated, task - based, and resting - state dFC.

In contrast to fcMRI analyses that define networks based on intrinsic connectivity, most functional imaging studies employ cognitive subtraction paradigms.

A 2009 study in the Archives of Neurology, for instance, found that people who adhered most closely to the Mediterranean Diet had a 28 % lower risk for mild cognitive decline than those who didn't stick to the diet.

The study focused on participants having mild cognitive impairment, due to the fact many were most likely going to develop Alzheimer's disease in just a few years.

In a study published in American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, researchers found that, although all berries imparted health benefits, strawberries and blueberries were the most effective in reducing cognitive decline.

A second part of the study revealed the participants who burned the most calories had more grey matter in parts of the brain associated with learning, memory and performing complex cognitive tasks.

On the point of observational compared with randomized trials, all of the previously mentioned interventional human studies of fasting (20 — 23, 25 — 36, 39 — 42) and most animal models of fasting have examined surrogate outcomes of cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive risk.

In fact, it may be accurate to say that schools like the most effective schools in our study may be the first to produce students for whom these two types of cognitive ability are consistently decoupled, providing an opportunity to study just which kinds of outcomes are enabled by gains in crystallized knowledge alone.

Most of the current research is at the granular, curricular level, focusing on the particular cognitive skills and there exists little by the way of international comparative case studies that looks at the processes by which a balance of cognitive, interpersonal, and intrapersonal skills are developed in students.

This included: attendance levels (studies show a positive relationship between participation in sports and school attendance); behaviour (research concludes that even a little organised physical activity, either inside or outside the classroom, has a positive effect on classroom behaviour, especially amongst the most disruptive pupils); cognitive function (several studies report a positive relationship between physical activity and cognition, concentration, attention span and perceptual skills); mental health (studies indicate positive impacts of physical activity on mood, well - being, anxiety and depression, as well as on children's self - esteem and confidence); and attainment (a number of well - controlled studies conclude that academic achievement is maintained or enhanced by increased physical activity).

Most parents understand that to help their children develop academically they should read to them, says Sian Beilock, a cognitive psychologist at the University of Chicago in Illinois and an author of the new study.

Using data from a variety of sources, including the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the High School and Beyond study, and the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, Jacobsen and his colleagues at Mathematica essentially confirm Neal and Johnson's findings, providing additional evidence that most of the remaining wage gap is due to differences in cognitive skills, as measured by test scstudy, and the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, Jacobsen and his colleagues at Mathematica essentially confirm Neal and Johnson's findings, providing additional evidence that most of the remaining wage gap is due to differences in cognitive skills, as measured by test scStudy of the High School Class of 1972, Jacobsen and his colleagues at Mathematica essentially confirm Neal and Johnson's findings, providing additional evidence that most of the remaining wage gap is due to differences in cognitive skills, as measured by test scores.

TCAP Alternate (TCAP - Alt) are assessments in science and social studies designed for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities in grades 3 — 8 and grade 10 and measure student mastery of the Tennessee Academic Standards.

Also, we used objective approaches to quantify neighbourhood attributes that allowed us to partially control for potential reverse causality due to depressed individuals tending to exhibit negative cognitive bias resulting in negative thoughts and perceptions.65 Residential self - selection bias is likely to be a trivial source of reverse causality in this study because Hong Kong's high levels of population density (6760 people / km2) and low percentage of developed land (less than 25 %) 66 limit most residents» choice of accommodation and 37 % of Hong Kong older adults live in public rental housing.67 Given the satisfactory response rate and the level of similarity in depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics of participants recruited from two types of recruitment centres, the findings from this study are likely to be generalisable to the population of Chinese Hong Kong older adults matching the study eligibility criteria and other populations of older adults living in similar ultra-dense metropolises of Southeast Asia.

The study, which reviewed a small percentage of the available literature, found evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral treatment, but not for six other kinds of therapy, including what may be the most widely used interventions — play and art therapy.

The most recent follow - up study reported associations between duration of breastfeeding and childhood cognitive ability and academic achievement extending from 8 to 18 years in a New Zealand cohort of 1000 children.19 This study found that these effects were significant after controlling for measures of social and family history, including maternal age, education, SES, marital status, smoking during pregnancy, family living conditions, and family income, and measures of perinatal factors, including gender, birth weight, child's estimated gestational age, and birth order in the family.

Different types of therapy were examined, with cognitive - behavioural therapy (CBT) being studied the most.

In the area of child cognitive and language development, the meta - analysis study found that program characteristics most strongly associated with better outcomes were teaching parents what to expect about their child's development; responsiveness, sensitivity to cues, or nurturing; promotion of child's socio - emotional development; promotion of child's cognitive development; as well as opportunities to role play and practice skills.

First, one longitudinal study parsed mothers into groups based on their child's social and cognitive outcomes and found that although the most successful mothers were those with high levels of warmth and low levels of restrictiveness over the first 24 months of their child's life, restrictiveness increased in these mothers as their children moved into the second year of life (Smith et al., 2000).

Although most of these studies are correlational, all cases of low cognitive empathy suggest a clear benefit of technology that can improve empathic accuracy.

Westen (1991) proposed that attachment studies are one of the most productive fields in which psychodynamic and cognitive studies can be integrated.

This study aims to identify the risk and protective factors most associated with cognitive / language and socio - emotional development of vulnerable children receiving preventive or protective services.

Most likely, these family environment variables exert a mostly direct influence or can be explained by cognitive processes or innate preferences not measured in this study.