In the past, as PopSci previously reported,
most ocean temperature data was taken by ships which pulled water into their engine rooms — rooms warmer than the ocean outside, making ocean temperature recordings slightly higher.
Not exact matches
The new findings of successful multi-year drought / fire predictions are based on a series of computer modeling experiments, using the state - of - the - art earth system model, the
most detailed
data on current
ocean temperature and salinity conditions, and the climate responses to natural and human - linked radiative forcing.
A well - known issue with LGM proxies is that the
most abundant type of proxy
data, using the species composition of tiny marine organisms called foraminifera, probably underestimates sea surface cooling over vast stretches of the tropical
oceans; other methods like alkenone and Mg / Ca ratios give colder
temperatures (but aren't all coherent either).
Some programs were huge, mobilizing cooperation among a dozen or more nations to provide
data from weather stations, research ships, and (by far the
most expensive) satellites to monitor
temperatures, clouds,
ocean currents, ice sheets and more.
Because of that the
ocean temperature data, sparse as it may be is the more reliable and
most easily compared to paleo.
Previous large natural oscillations are important to examine: however, 1) our
data isn't as good with regards to external forcings or to historical
temperatures, making attribution more difficult, 2) to the extent that we have solar and volcanic
data, and paleoclimate
temperature records, they are indeed fairly consistent with each other within their respective uncertainties, and 3)
most mechanisms of internal variability would have different fingerprints: eg, shifting of warmth from the
oceans to the atmosphere (but we see warming in both), or simultaneous warming of the troposphere and stratosphere, or shifts in global
temperature associated with major
ocean current shifts which for the
most part haven't been seen.
that they looked at
ocean temperature data and the growth of two of the
most toxic algae in the North Atlantic and North Pacific
oceans.
Other
data sets such as
ocean heat content, sea ice extent, whatever, are not sufficiently mature or long - range... Further, the surface
temperature is
most relevant to climate change impacts, since humans and land ecosystems live on the surface.»
Most LGM proxy
data suggest that the tropical
oceans were colder by about 2 °C than at present, and that the frontal zones in the SH and NH were shifted equatorward (Kucera et al., 2005), even though large differences are found between
temperature estimates from the different proxies in the North Atlantic.
Josh Willis explanation that extra warming was going down in the deep
ocean is unsupportable because sea level
data are essentialy coherent with ARGO
ocean temperature: no
temperature increase for ARGO (that is the
most extensive way we are measuring
ocean temperature), no sea level increase.
Most estimates of
ocean warming have been limited to the upper 700 meters of water, owing to the limited availability of
ocean -
temperature data below that depth.
The study authors compared the simulations that were correctly synchronized with the
ocean cycles (blue
data in the left frame below) and the
most out - of - sync (grey
data in the right frame) to the observed global surface
temperature changes (red) for each 15 - year period.