Sentences with phrase «motor neuron cell bodies»

GFP was seen in puncta near B class motor neuron cell bodies (Figure 7G), although these were generally not as pronounced as with unc - 7S:: gfp.

(D) UNC - 7L expressed in interneurons (Punc - 7S:: unc - 7L [M121L]-RRB- rescues forward locomotion in unc - 7 (e5) and localizes to puncta near B motor neuron cell bodies.

Not exact matches

Motor neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain and spinal cord control the function of muscles throughout the body.

Motor neurons, which are important for voluntary muscle movements, have long been known to release acetylcholine onto both muscle cells in the body and neurons in the spinal cord.

They then added signalling molecules to make the stem cells develop into motor neurons, the cells that carry signals to and from the spinal cord to the rest of the body.

Lou Gehrig's disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, attacks muscle - controlling nerve cells — motor neurons — in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord, leading to progressive weakness and eventual paralysis of muscles throughout the body.

by Paroma Basu Scientists grow critical nerve cells MADISON, WI — January 31, 2005 — After years of trial and error, scientists have coaxed human embryonic stem cells to become spinal motor neurons, critical nervous system pathways that relay messages from the brain to the rest of the body.

In neurons, new mitochondria are made in the cell body, migrate out to the tippy end by being moved along by ATP powered motors along the outside of the axon.

Motor neurons that control foot muscles are about three feet long, so neurotransmitters must be moved a yard from their origin in the cell body to the location where they can signal the muscles, Zhang says.

ALS usually strikes between the ages of 40 and 75, ravaging the body's motor neurons — nerve cells that control muscle movement.

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

At this stage animals are large enough such that the cell bodies of motor neurons in the ventral nerve cord are well spaced, making it less ambiguous in deciding if presumptive gap junction puncta are associated with a particular motor neuron.

(A) In wild - type (wt; N2), UNC - 9:: GFP expressed in B motor neurons (Pacr - 5:: unc - 9:: gfp) visualizes puncta in the ventral nerve cord localized near B cell bodies.

(E) UNC - 7L expressed in B motor neurons (Pacr - 5:: unc - 7L [M121L]-RRB- in unc - 9 daf - 6 unc - 7 does not localize to puncta but remains associated with cell bodies (red); co-expressed UNC - 9:: GFP (Pacr - 5:: unc - 9:: gfp; green) is distributed throughout the motor neuron processes.

When expressed under control of the Punc - 7S promoter, UNC - 7L (Punc - 7S:: unc - 7L [M121L]-RRB- rescued unc - 7 (e5) forward locomotion; though much of the signal remained associated with cell bodies, some puncta were seen localized to AVB: B motor neuron gap junctions (Figure 10D).

Specific antibodies were used as markers to bind to the structure of motor neurons so that they could be easily viewed under high - power microscopes, and a computer program performed the three - dimensional measurement of the size and shape of a motor neuron's cell body.